[Morphometry of hepatocyte mitochondrial apparatus in normal and cirrhotic rat liver].

Morphometric electron microscopy study of the hepatocyte mitochondrial apparatus and morphofunctional analysis of the degree of pathological alterations were carried out on the liver of rats with CCL4-cirrhosis (experimental group). Chronic poisoning of rats with CCL4 for 6 months led to a 4.2-fold increase in proportion of connective tissue and to a decrease in the number of hepatocytes in the liver by 21.

[Microbiologicaland immunological criteria for estimation of ureaplasmosis treatment efficacy in women].

The role of surface and parietal vaginal microbiocenosis and immunoglobulins in development of infectious process, in prediction of resistance of causative microorganism to antibiotics and treatment efficacy was demonstrated on group of women with ureaplasmosis. Evaluation of anaerobic part of vaginal microbiota contemporary with its aerobic part reliably increased informative value of microbiological test in women with urogenital diseases. There are reasons to include interferon preparations into the complex therapy of ureaplasmosis.

[The microbiological and immunological characteristics of disbiotic disturbances of the biotopes of the mucose membranes of the respiratory and urogenital tracts].

The study consisted in comparison of the microecology and the parameters of the humoral immunity of the biotopes of the respiratory and urogenital tracts under normal conditions and in inflammatory processes caused by bacterial agents. The study revealed significant changes in the microbiocenosis of the respiratory and urogenital tracts, caused by decline of indigenous microflora and increase of the content of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. These changes depended on the degree of the infectious process severity.

[Microecology and humoral immunity characteristics of the vagina in women with nonspecific inflammatory diseases of the genitals].

The complex cytological, microbiological and immunological examination of 90 female patients with nonspecific inflammatory diseases of the genital tracts and 30 clinically healthy women (the control group) was carried out. The examination revealed significant microbiocenosis changes in the lumen and the parietal area of the vagina, depending on the severity of the infectious process: a decrease in the level of lactobacilli, an increase in the content of opportunistic facultative anaerobic microorganism in the lumen and obligate anaerobic bacteria in the parietal area. Pronounced correlation between the content of opportunistic microorganisms and the levels of IgM and IgA, as well as secretory IgA and free secretory component in vaginal secretions in patients in patients with non-specific inflammatory diseases of the genital tracts has been revealed.

[The influence of hepatoprotector 2-ethylthiobenzimidazole hydrobromide (bemithyl) on the content of glycogen in cirrhotic rat liver hepatocytes located in various microenvironments].

Using absorption and fluorescent cytophotometry methods, glycogen contents were studied in hepatocytes located in liver lobules and in hepatocytes, which make the general population of these cells in normal and cirrhotic rat liver. In cirrhosis, the content of glycogen in hepatocytes located in lobules obviously rises in comparison with the norm, but to a lesser degree, than in hepatocytes making the general population of these cells in cirrhotic liver. The content of glycogen in hepatocytes, located in lobules of pathologically changed liver in bemithyl treated rats, did not differ from the norm.

[Dynamics of glycogen content in the normal and cirrhotic liver following glucose administration to starving rats].

Using biochemical, cytofluorimetric and television cytophotometric methods, glycogen contents were studied in normal and cirrhotic rat liver at various intervals after glucose administration to fasting animals. The obtained data indicate that after a 48 h fasting glycogen contents in normal and cirrhotic liver are equally poor. A marked rise of glycogen content in cirrhotic liver was observed only 20-30 min after glucose administration to rats.

[Features of the effect of bemethyl on glycogen metabolism in hepatocytes of pathological changed human liver].

Effect of actoprotector bemithyl (2-ethylthiobenzimidazole hydrobromide) on glycogen metabolism in hepatocytes of patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis was investigated. Using cytofluorimetric method, the content of glycogen and its fractions in isolated hepatocytes was measured. The treatment with bemithyl resulted in a decrease in glycogen levels in hepatocytes, and in a marked restoration of fractional glycogen composition as compared to the basic therapy.

[Effect of bemythyl on carbohydrate metabolism in cirrhotic rat liver].

Effect of actoprotector bemitil (2-ethylthiobenzimidazole hydrobromide) on glycogen content and activities of glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase, and glucose-6-phosphatase was studied in cirrhotically altered rat liver. The contents of glycogen and its fraction were determined a cytofluorimetrically (Kudryavtseva et al., 1974).

[Effect of partial hepatectomy on the glycogen level in hepatocytes in the portal and central lobule zones in cirrhotically-changed rat liver].

Using cytophotometric method, the content of glycogen was studied in hepatocytes of the portal and central zones of a liver lobule in norm, in cirrhosis, and 1, 3, and 6 months after a partial hepatectomy of the normal and cirrhotic rat liver. As we showed earlier, glycogen content in cirrhotic liver hepatocytes rose 2-3-fold, along with obvious impairment of glycogen metabolic heterogeneity in these. In cirrhotic liver glycogen dominates in the central zone, whereas in norm more glycogen is observed in the portal one.

[Effect of "vilon" on cirrhotically changed rat liver. Liver regeneration, and status of glycogen-forming function of hepatocytes].

Effects of a dipeptide preparation "Vilon" on rehabilitation of functional activity of hepatocytes and regeneration of the cirrhotically altered rat liver were studied. The liver cirrhosis was produced by poisoning of rats for 4 months with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). On the end of the poisoning with CCl4, one group of animals was not submitted to any further actions, whereas animals of the other group were injected "Vilon" (1.

[We rely on the common sense of young people].

The principles of the primary prophylaxis, analogous to the program "Harm Reduction", are presented. The basis for placing this work on broad footing was the rapid assessment of the situation with the use of narcotic drugs in the city (the number of users exceeded 10,000 per 238,000 inhabitants) with a tendency towards a sharp decrease of the age of the users (9-13 years). The experience of work on the training of medical personnel, directly contacting with blood and thus considered to be a risk group, taking into account risky professional behavior (potentially dangerous), was accumulated.

[Metabolic heterogeneity of glycogen in hepatocytes of patients with liver cirrhosis].

Concentrations of the total glycogen (TG) and of its labile and stable fractions (LF and SF, respectively) were determined in hepatocytes of portal and central zones of the normal human liver and in the liver of patients with cirrhosis of viral and alcohol etiology. Using the PAS reaction, TG and its LF and SF were revealed in histological sections of the material obtained by liver punction biopsies. Concentrations of TG and its fractions were measured by television cytophotometry.

[Glycogen synthesizing function of hepatocytes in rats with liver cirrhosis after treatment with chorionic gonadotropin].

Using rat liver hepatocytes, methods of cytofluorimetry (Kudryavtseva et al., 1974) and biochemistry were applied to comparative studies of the total glycogen content, including its labile (LF) and stable (SF) fractions, and activities of glucose-6-phosphatase, glycogen phosphorylase and glycogensynthetase in these. The liver hepatocytes were examined in norm, and under conditions of CCl4 poisoning of rats, both 6 months after a chronic poisoning, and 1, 3 and 6 months following poisoning cessation.

[Change in morphometric parameters in silver-stained nucleoli from hepatocytes of rats with liver cirrhosis and during rehabilitation from it].

Silver-stained nucleoli of rat hepatocytes were studied in norm, in liver cirrhosis produced by CCl4 poisoning and after cessation of the poisoning. Morphometric parameters of nucleoli were measured using a Videotest computer image analyser. Under cirrhosis the mean number of nucleoli per nucleus was determined to exceed their normal number by 1.

[Effect of cadmium sulfate and strontium chloride on the glycogen content in hepatocytes of rats of various ages].

Cytophotometry and image analysis being used, hepatocyte glycogen contents were measured in periportal and pericentral zones of liver lobules at different stages (1, 7, 14, 21, 30, 90, 180 and 365 days) of postnatal development of both intact rats and rats exposed to chronic CdSO4 (1 mg/kg body weight) and SrSO4 (6.5 mg/kg body weight) intoxication. The glycogen content in hepatocytes of intact rats increased continuously in the course of development being most highest at the initial stage of development.

[Rehabilitation of the hepatocyte glycogen-forming function in the rat cirrhotic liver due to carbohydrate rich diet].

By cytofluorometric and biochemical methods the content of total glycogen and its fractions was investigated on the smears of isolated liver cells: labile fraction (LF) and stable fraction (SF) and also activities of glycogen phosphorylase (GP), glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) and glycogen synthase. The material was obtained from serial liver biopsies from each investigated animal prior to CCl4 action (control), with cirrhosis (6 months of CCl4 poisoning) and 1, 3 and 6 months after CCl4 poisoning was finished. It was shown that chronic CCl4 poisoning induced a typical liver cirrhosis accompanied with the 2-3 times increase in the total glycogen content, in comparison with the norm, with the decrease in LF to 53%, and also with the fall of G-6-Pase and GP activities by 82 and 25%, resp.

[The glycogen-forming function of the hepatocytes during the regeneration of the cirrhotic rat liver after a partial hepatectomy].

The paper deals with a cytofluorimetric study of the content of glycogen and its fractions as well as with a microbiochemical study of glucose-6-phosphatase, glycogen phosphorylase, and glycogen synthase activities in the rat liver parenchyma cells in norm, in the course of cirrhosis development, and at various time intervals after the end of the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) poisoning and after a partial hepatectomy (PH). Serial liver biopsies were obtained from each animal prior to CCl4 action (control), 6 months after a chronic intoxication with CCl4 inducing liver cirrhosis, and then 3 and 6 months after the end of CCl4 poisoning of rats, and after the cirrhotic liver PH. It has been shown that the total glycogen content in the cirrhotic liver hepatocytes increases by 1.

[A quantitative evaluation of the glycogen content of the hepatocytes from different lobular ares of the normal human liver and in chronic hepatitides of different etiologies].

Investigation of glycogen function in hepatocytes of different liver lobule zones is particularly important in understanding glycogen metabolism in humans and animals in norm and pathology. The present study was done to investigate glycogen contents in hepatocytes of different lobule zones of human liver in norm, and in patients with chronic hepatitis of viral or alcohol etiology. Quantitative analysis of glycogen content in hepatocytes of portal and central lobule zones was conducted on slices of human liver (the material of series live punctional biopsies) stained using a quantitative variant of PAS-reaction (Kudryavtseva et al.

[A cytofluorimetric study of the glycogen content and of the enzymatic activity of its metabolism in human and animal hepatocytes in liver cirrhosis and during rehabilitation].

Reversibility of hepatocyte functional activity is shown by cytofluorometric and microbiochemical methods in human and rat liver during postcirrhosis rehabilitation. Contents of the total glycogen and its fractions in liver cells were defined on smears of isolated hepatocytes obtained from the live puncture liver biopsies. A double increase of glycogen level is shown, in average, in hepatocytes during experimental liver cirrhosis in rats.

[Hepatocyte polyploidization in chronic liver diseases in man].

Levels of hepatocyte ploidy were investigated in patients with chronic viral hepatitis, alcohol hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis. It was shown that in spite of some decrease in the share of mononucleate diploid hepatocytes these cells equally make the main part of hepatocyte population (about 80% on the average) both during chronic liver diseases and in the norm. In chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis processes of polyploidization in the human liver, unlike those in livers of laboratory animals (rats and mice), are accomplished with much lower rates and characterized by accumulation of binucleate diploid cells.

[Cytofluorimetric research on the content of glycogen and its fractions in the hepatocytes of patients with liver cirrhosis of different etiologies].

By cytofluorometric method, a study was made of the total glycogen and its two fractions in liver parenchymal cells both in the donors (20 men) and in patients with cirrhosis of different etiology (39 men). The examination was performed on preparations--smears of isolated hepatocytes, obtained from the live functional liver biopsies. The quantitative analysis has shown an increase in the total glycogen content in hepatocytes of patients with cirrhosis by 3 times compared to the norm, and this increase is independent on the etiology of liver cirrhosis.

[A cytophotometric study of the RNA and glycogen content of human hepatocytes at different stages in the development of traumatic disease].

Absorption and fluorescent cytophotometry techniques were applied to studies of RNA, glycogen and its fractions in hepatocytes of patients with hard mechanic trauma, both with and without endointoxication. For measuring RNA and glycogen contents, slides were stained by gallocyanin-chromalum or underwent fluorescent PAS-reaction, respectively. The repeated aspiration biopsy material was used for investigation of RNA and glycogen contents in dynamics.

[An assessment of the relative contribution of the processes of cellular proliferation, polyploidization and hypertrophy to the increase in liver mass at various stages in the postnatal development of rats].

Changes in isolated hepatocyte dry mass, its ploidy and liver mass at different stages of the rat postnatal ontogeny were investigated. The determination of these processes and special calculation made it possible to estimate quantitatively a relative contribution of cell proliferation, polyploidization and hypertrophy, not associated with DNA synthesis to the increase in the liver mass at different stages of the rat development. During the first week after the rat's birth, its liver growth is provided by 61 and 39% with hepatocyte proliferation and hypertrophy, respectively.