Comparative Study of Field-Effect Transistors Based on Graphene Oxide and CVD Graphene in Highly Sensitive NT-proBNP Aptasensors.

Graphene-based materials are actively being investigated as sensing elements for the detection of different analytes. Both graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and graphene oxide (GO) produced by the modified Hummers' method are actively used in the development of biosensors. The production costs of CVD graphene- and GO-based sensors are similar; however, the question remains regarding the most efficient graphene-based material for the construction of point-of-care diagnostic devices.

One-Step Photochemical Immobilization of Aptamer on Graphene for Label-Free Detection of NT-proBNP.

A novel photochemical technological route for one-step functionalization of a graphene surface with an azide-modified DNA aptamer for biomarkers is developed. The methodology is demonstrated for the functionalization of a DNA aptamer for an N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) heart failure biomarker on the surface of a graphene channel within a system based on a liquid-gated graphene field effect transistor (GFET). The limit of detection (LOD) of the aptamer-functionalized sensor is 0.

[The differential diagnosis of recurrent episodes of vertigo].

Unlabelled: Recurrent episodes of vertigo are one of the most frequent reasons of referrals for medical help. In the Russian medicine, the development of vertigo is traditionally associated with a cerebral vascular pathology. It is suggested that correctly planned clinical neurovestibular study may identify the signs of a balance disorder of peripheral and central genesis.

[Stimulation of proliferation by carnosine: cellular and transcriptome approaches].

Concentration of endogenous dipeptide carnosine in human muscle tissue reaches tens of millimoles. For more than 100 years of research, a lot of data concerning carnosine functions were accumulated, among which anti-aging effects are regarded most important. Heire, effect of carnosine in cell cultures was studied.

[Preparation stimulating hair growth possibly acts by inhibiting hair follicle ageing experiments on mice and transcriptome analysis].

Preparation stimulating hair growth (PSHG) was studied on mice of various strains (Balb/c, CBA, C57BI/6, and outbred). It was shown that a long-term (44 months) application of PSHG does not reliably affect the appearance of young healthy mice but does induce increase in the hair follicle size. No adverse consequences of the PSHG application were observed.

[Polymorphism of KPI-A genes from plants of the subgenus Potatoe (sect. Petota, Estolonifera and Lycopersicum) and subgenus Solanum].

Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor proteins of group A (KPI-A) are involved in the protection of potato plants from pathogens and pests. Although sequences of large number of the KPI-A genes from different species of cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum) and a few genes from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are known to date, information about the allelic diversity of these genes in other species of the genus Solanum is lacking.

[Genetic diversity and evolution of the influenza C virus].

The influenza C virus is spread worldwide and causes diseases of the upper and (less frequently) lower respiratory tract in human. The virus is not pandemic, but it circulates together with pandemic influenza A and B viruses during winter months and has quite similar clinical manifestations. The influenza C virus is also encountered in animals (pigs and dogs) and is known to override the interspecific barriers oftransmssion.

[Increase in NETO2 gene expression is a potential molecular genetic marker in renal and lung cancers].

Multiple changes in the genome, transcriptome, and proteome are frequent in cancer cells. A search for molecular markers based on DNA, mRNA, or proteins is a main method to develop early specific diagnostics for cancer. While universal markers are still unavailable, similar trends are known for the expression patterns of particular genes in certain epithelial tumors.

[Molecular characterization of pandemic influenza viruses A/H1N1(sw2009) isolated in Russia in 2009-2010].

Aim: Assessment of genetic diversity of influenza virus A/H1N1 (sw2009) variants circulated in Russia, study of virus' pathogenicity in humans and potential resistance to antiviral drugs.

Materials And Methods: Sequencing of PCR-fragments of genome of influenza viruses isolated from clinical and autopsy samples of 436 patients. Four full genome sequences of influenza viruses A/H1N1 (sw2009) were obtained.

[Evaluation of fludarabine-containing regimens versus immunochemotherapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia].

Aim: to analyze the efficacy of RFC (rituximab, fludarabine, and cyclophosphan), FCM (fludarabine, cyclophosphan, and mitoxantrone), and FC (fludarabine and cyclophosphan) treatment programs in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in an open-labeled comparative controlled investigation.

Materials And Methods: The paper presents the authors' results of treatment in patients with progressive CLL in 2002 to 2007. The study included 229 patients, of them 78 patients received the RFC program, 72 had the FCM program, and 79 had the FC one.

[Expression of FTL and FTH genes encoding ferretin subunits in lung and renal carcinomas].

The level of ferritin in serum is known to be increased frequently in most human cancers. Ferritin consists of the heavy and light chains, encoded by FTL and FTH genes. The analysis of the EST database showed that the level of FTL and FTH mRNA is decreased in lung squamous cell carcinomas as compared to the normal tissues, no change in the mRNA level was observed in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

[Pandemic influenza A/H1N1 (sw2009) in Russia: epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical picture, and treatment].

Aim: To study the epidemiological and clinical features of the 2009-2010 pandemic influenza in Russia.

Subjects And Methods: Materials from 874 patients, including postmortem samples from 287 subjects, were examined applying the AmpliSens Influenza virus A/H1-swine-FL PCR kit designed and produced by the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology. The clinical and postmortem characteristics of 68 patients who had died from influenza A/H1N1 (sw2009) were analyzed in detail.

[Na+,K+ -ATPase activity characteristics in human colon adenocarcinoma].

To evaluate the enzyme functional changes the Na+,K+-ATPase activity in membrane fraction of human colorectal adenocarcinoma at II and III cancer stages (according to TNM classification) of varying degrees of differentiation has been investigated. The decrease of the Na+,K+-ATPase activity in comparison with conditionally normal tissue of macroscopically unchanged mucosa was revealed in the tumor membrane preparations. Such changes of the Na+,K+-ATPase activity were higher at low differentiation grade and were less pronounced in moderately and highly differentiated adenocarcinomas.

[Na+,K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase isozymes in malignant neoplasms].

A current state of researches on mechanisms of ion homeostasis regulation in the specific conditions of the uncontrolled malignant tumor growth (mainly in carcinomas) concerning the contribution of Na+,K+-ATPase, plasma membrane and sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases has been reviewed. Particular attention has been focused on the molecular and biochemical links providing the redistribution of the transporting ATPases isozyme pattern for the regulatory requirements of the cell signaling pathways at stable proliferation and viability in malignancy.

[Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity in human colorectal carcinoma].

Na+,K(+)-ATPase activities in macroscopically unchanged mucosa (conditionally normal tissue) and human colorectal carcinoma (mainly low-grade and moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas) have been investigated. Microsomal fractions are similar by dimensions of the membrane fragments detected by photon correlation spectroscopy analysis. The activation optima under digitonin pretreatment of the membrane fractions differ significantly for Na+,K(+)-ATPase and concomitant Mg(2+)-ATPase activity, but are the same in conditionally normal and cancerous tissues.

[Effect of chronic ionizing irradiation on the structural properties of the apical and mitochondrial membranes of small intestine enterocytes].

The different ways of the radiation-induced effect were revealed in the investigations of chronic ionizing radiation influence in total doses of 0.3, 0.6 and 1.

[Evaluation of glucose utilization in patients with insulin-independent diabetes mellitus by using breathing test].

Commonly used clinical and biochemical parameters, such as the content of glucose, insulin, somatotropic hormone, triglycerides, lactate, pyruvate, and free fatty acids (FFA) in blood of practically healthy subjects and in patients with insulin-independent diabetes mellitus (IIDM), were compared with the parameters obtained by mass-spectrometric analysis of 13CO2 in expired air after 13C-glucose loading. It was shown that, as opposed to healthy subjects, the content of blood glucose and free fatty acids in patients with IIDM increased, the level of glucose dropped in progression upon short-term fasting, and the concentration of lactate changed both upon fasting and after the administration of small test doses of glucose. The use of the 13C-glucose breathing test (13C-GBT), which presupposes the loading of safe small doses of glucose enriched in 13C-isotope permitted one to reveal a number of novel quantitative diagnostic criteria for the evaluation of glucose metabolism in patients with IIDM: a decrease in the rate of 13C withdrawal as a constituent of expired carbon dioxide after the administration of 13C-glucose; a reduction in the amount of exogenous glucose metabolized to carbon dioxide; and increased oxidation of endogenous substrates participating in carbon dioxide formation.

[The use of the [13C]/[12C] ratio for the assay of the microbial oxidation of hydrocarbons].

The study deals with a comparative analysis of the relative abundances of the carbon isotopes 12C and 13C in the metabolites and biomass of the Burkholderia sp. BS3702 and Pseudomonas putida BS202-p strains capable of utilizing aliphatic (n-hexadecane) and aromatic (naphthalene) hydrocarbons as sources of carbon and energy. The isotope composition of the carbon dioxide, biomass, and exometabolites produced during the growth of Burkholderia sp.

[Hemostatic changes during the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with all-transretinoic acid].

Aim: To study hemostasis in ATRA treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).

Material And Methods: Hemostasis was studied in 8 newly admitted APL patients treated with ATRA. All of them had hemorrhages, thrombocytopenia 5-15 x 10(9)/l at diagnosis, laboratory signs of the DIC syndrome at induction therapy.

[The Use of the abundance ratio of 13C and 12C isotopes for characteristic of the origin of ethyl alcohol].

During alcohol fermentation, the carbon isotope composition of ethyl alcohol produced depended on the substrate used and was characterized by the value of delta 13C equal to -24.7 +/- 0.8/1000 (wheat grain), -22 +/- 0.

[The use of cyclophosphane in the immunodepressive therapy of severe aplastic anemia].

Low course doses of cyclophosphamide (1.9 +/- 0.2 g) were given to postsplenectomy patients with grave aplastic anemia (GAA).

[The effect of elymoclavine and its derivatives on various enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract].

The influence of elymoclavine, elymoclavine hydrochloride, elymoclavine hydrobromide, 2-bromelymoclavine, 2-bromelymoclavine hydrobromide on the initial rater of enzymatic hydrolysis of cytidine-2',3'-monophosphate by RNase A and of N-alpha-benzoyl-DL-tyrosine-p-nitroanilide by alpha-chymotrypsin has been investigated. It is shown that all the compounds have the features of various types of inhibitors of RNase A and alpha-chymotrypsin with the exception of elymoclavine which shows all features of a catalytic activator of RNase A.

[Enzymes of a bacteriolytic lysoamidase preparation. Various properties of bacteriolytic protease L2].

Bacteriolytic proteinase L2 is able to cleave fluorogenic synthetic tripeptide anthranoyl-alanyl-alanyl-phenylalanyl-nitroanilide (Abz-Ala-Ala-Phe-pNA) at the bond between phenylalanine and p-nitroaniline. Optimal conditions of the tripeptide cleavage have been determined: pH 6.7 + 0.