Differentiation of human macrophages with anaphylatoxin C3a impairs alternative M2 polarization and decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine secretion.

Anaphylatoxin C3a is a small signaling polypeptide that is generated during complement activation. C3a is involved in the regulation of various innate and adaptive immune system processes; however, the role of C3a in macrophage differentiation and polarization is poorly elucidated. Here we showed that C3a impairs alternative M2 polarization of human macrophages and suppressed CD206, IL1Ra and CCL22 expression.

Regulation of Apolipoprotein A-I Gene Expression in Human Macrophages by Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein.

Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is a key component of reverse cholesterol transport in humans. In the previous studies, we demonstrated expression of the apoA-I gene in human monocytes and macrophages; however, little is known on the regulation of the apoA-I expression in macrophages during the uptake of modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which is one of the key processes in the early stages of atherogenesis leading to formation of foam cells. Here, we demonstrate a complex nature of the apoA-I regulation in human macrophages during the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL).

Pro-inflammatory modification of cancer cells microsurroundings increases the survival rates for rats with low differentiated malignant glioma of brain.

Rationale: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive human brain tumors. The prognosis is unfavorable with a median survival of 15 months. GBM aggressive nature is associated with a special phenotype of cancer cells that develops because of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β).

A common genetic variant rs2821557 in KCNA3 is linked to the severity of multiple sclerosis.

The rate of symptom accumulation distinguishes between slowly and rapidly progressing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Given that a patient's genetics can affect the rate of disease progression, identification of genetic variants associated with rapid disease progression should provide valuable information for timely prognosis and development of optimal treatment plans. We hypothesized that the polymorphism rs2821557 in the human KCNA3 gene encoding a voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.

Hypoxia as a Factor Involved in the Regulation of the apoA-1, ABCA1, and Complement C3 Gene Expression in Human Macrophages.

Hypoxia plays a critical role in progression of atherosclerosis. Local oxygen deficiency in a plaque creates a specific microenvironment that alters the transcriptome of resident cells, particularly of macrophages. Reverse cholesterol transport from plaque to liver is considered a main mechanism for regression of atherosclerosis.

Tumor necrosis factor α stimulates endogenous apolipoprotein A-I expression and secretion by human monocytes and macrophages: role of MAP-kinases, NF-κB, and nuclear receptors PPARα and LXRs.

Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is the main structural and functional protein component of high-density lipoprotein. ApoA-I has been shown to regulate lipid metabolism and inflammation in macrophages. Recently, we found the moderate expression of endogenous apoA-I in human monocytes and macrophages and showed that pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) increases apoA-I mRNA and stimulates ApoA-I protein secretion by human monocytes and macrophages.

[Effectiveness of Vitaprost Plus in the treatment of patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis].

The need for use of antimicrobial drugs in the treatment of patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis is indisputable. Given the variety of pathogenic mechanisms of chronic prostatitis, drug Vitaprost Plus in the form of rectal suppositories is of particular interest; it combines antibacterial activity with a positive effect on the various links in the pathogenesis of this disease. The evaluation of the efficacy and safety of drugs Vitaprost Plus and Lomflox was performed.

[Features of population composition of peripheral blood CXCR3-positive lymphocytes in chronic viral hepatitis c patients].

Aim: Quantitative determination ofCXCR3+, CCR5+ and CCR6+ cells in major lymphocyte populations: T-helpers (Th), cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL), natural killers (NK) and T-natural killer cells (TNK), B-lymphocytes in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C (CVHC).

Materials And Methods: Content of lymphocyte populations carrying chemokine receptor CXCR3 was studied, chemokine receptors CCR5 and CCR6 were evaluated on T-lymphocytes, in peripheral blood of 19 CVHC patients and 32 conditionally healthy donors. Cell populations were determined by flow cytofluorometry by using various combinations of monoclonal antibodies: for evaluation of Th and CTL (CD3/CD4/CD8/CXCR3/CCR5/CCR6); NK and TNK (CDl6/CD56/CD3/ CXCR3); B-cells (CD 19/CD45/CXCR3).

[Building of defects of the bladder wall by membrane, created on the basis of type I collagen (an experimental study)].

Experimental study was performed on 24 Chinchilla rabbits, which underwent resection of the bladder with building of defect by membrane "Collost", created on the basis of type I collagen. The functional state of the bladder in situ was assessed by infusion cystomanometry during repeated surgery at 7, 14 day and at 1, 3, 6 months, and at 1 and 1.5 years.

[Early diagnosis of prostate cancer using histoscanning device].

For the purpose of improving diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC), the authors used an innovative HistoScanning device. According to the standard procedure accepted at the clinic, 326 patients admitted with suspected prostate cancer were evaluated. Patients with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were divided into three groups depending on the degree of its increase, which ranged from 1.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α positively regulates complement C3 expression but inhibits tumor necrosis factor α-mediated activation of C3 gene in mammalian hepatic-derived cells.

Complement C3 is a pivotal component of three cascades of complement activation. The liver is the main source of C3 in circulation and expression and secretion of C3 by hepatocytes is increased during acute inflammation. However, the mechanism of the regulation of the C3 gene in hepatocytes is not well elucidated.

[Morphologic and functional heterogeneous changes of the urinary bladder different parts at rats with infravesical obstruction of the urinary tracts].

Infravesical obstruction of the lower urinary tracts of 30 rats was carried out by the measured constriction of the urethral prevesical parts. Morphologic and functional changes of the urinary bladder different parts were studied in 1 week and in 3 months. Compensatory hypertrophy of the detrusor was accompanied increasing of hypertrophied, atrophic and native forms of leiomyocytes, as so their transformation into myofibroblasts with connective tissue formation between the muscle fibers mainly in the neck of urinary bladder Contractility of the detrusor decreased with their tonus increasing mainly in the neck of urinary bladder too.

[Pneumocystic pneumonia].

The article is devoted to short description of epidemiology, clinical and radiologic demonstration of pneumocystic pneumonia. The features of pathologicoanatomic changes at pneumocystic pneumonia are described. Own observation about combination of classic and scarce histological changes at this disease is in the article.

Endogenous apolipoprotein A-I stabilizes ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 and modulates Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in human macrophages.

Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is the main functional protein component of human high-density lipoproteins. ApoA-I shows various anti-inflammatory and atheroprotective properties toward macrophages; however, endogenous apoA-I expression has not been investigated in macrophages. We have shown that endogenous apoA-I gene is expressed in human macrophages at both mRNA and protein levels.

Modified low density lipoprotein stimulates complement C3 expression and secretion via liver X receptor and Toll-like receptor 4 activation in human macrophages.

Complement C3 is a pivotal component of three cascades of complement activation. C3 is expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions and is involved in atherogenesis. However, the mechanism of C3 accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions is not well elucidated.

[Improvement of the organization of oncological aid under conditions of specific technogenic load on the population].

Social and economic disbenifits due to mortality from malignant neoplasms were estimated taking into account the losses of man-years of work, mean life expectancy for the sick, losses from temporary disablement and invalidization caused by malignancies, and the cost of oncological aid. The study was based at an area in Uzbekistan subjected to pollution by industrial wastes from an uranium-extracting enterprise. A special purpose-oriented program has been elaborated for the correction of oncological aid currently provided to the workers of the Navoi mining and metallurgical works and the local population.

[Medical and social importance of oncologic morbidity and mortality in able-bodied residents of technogenic peripheral regions].

Using comparative analysis of levels, structure and dynamics of oncologic morbidity over 1992-2004, the author estimated medical, social and economic damage caused by oncologic mortality in Navoi region of Uzbekistan Republic. Findings are that total loss of man-years, connected with oncologic mortality, in Navoi region equalled to 3700 man-years in 2004. Average number of years lost by one died with malignancy equals 14.

[Expression of the starfish complement component C3 gene homologue under the influence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide].

The fragment of a homologue of complement component C3 gene has been cloned and sequenced from the starfish, Asterias rubens. Phylogenetic analysis of ArC3-like gene demonstrates that ArC3-like gene has close similarity to C3 gene homologues of Deuterostomia invertebrate animals. High level of ArC3-like gene expression was identified in circulating cells (coelomocytes), in a gut's derivate (hepatopancreas) and in male gonada but not in stomach, female gonad and rectal gland of A.

[Scientific basis for complex anti-cancer program in area containing uranium-extracting enterprises].

The authors studied oncologic morbidity and mortality in area containing Navoisky mining metallurgy enterprise in Uzbekhistan. Evidence is that workers engaged into the main process in the enterprise and over at least 60% of working time subjected to occupational carcinogens have oncologic risk over 10 times exceeding that in the reference group. Workers engaged into the auxiliary processes and periodically subjected to occupational carcinogens over at most 40% of working time have relative oncologic risk ratio equal to 3.

[Regeneration of testicular tissue and restoration of rat fertility in xenotransplantation of enriched fetal cell cultures in bilateral abdominal cryptorchism].

The study of cell cultures enriched with stem and progenitor cells in the treatment of experimental hypergonadotropic hypogonadism was made on 30 white non-inbred rats with experimental cryptorchism who have undergone xenotransplantation of human fetal enriched cell cultures. Spermatogenic epithelium on histological sections was studied on day 14 and 28 after xenotransplantation with calculation of the spermatogenesis index. The fertility index was estimated for each of the groups.

[Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in chronic obstructive hydrocephalus before and after successful endoscopic third ventriculostomy].

Objective: to describe cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in chronic obstructive hydrocephalus before and after successful endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV).

Materials And Methods: 8 patients (7-21 years old) with chronic obstructive hydrocephalus due to tectal plate glioma were investigated before and after successful ETV. Apart from clinical and MRI assessment ICP-monitoring (ICP0) and intraventricular infusion studies were performed as well as upright ICP (ICP90) was investigated preoperatively and on 1st and 7th postoperative days (POD).

[The morphologic and functional state of the kidneys exposed to focused waves during remote nephro-lithotripsy].

Clinical and experimental research has shown that complications connected with negative influence of focused waves in distant lithotripsy in litotripters with an electrohydravlic system of focused waves generation depend on many factors, including the regime of wave generator work, an electrode interval, defocusing the wave as a result of an electrode interval center displacement, the amplitude of pressure and the length of a wave impulse in positive and negative phases. The wave impulse is distorted, which leads to kidney tissue damage.

[Morphological reasons of development of recurrent cystitis in children].

Chronic cystitis was diagnosed in 36% of children with neuromuscular ureteral dysplasia, in 69% of those with vesicoureteral reflux, in 42% of girls with urolithiasis. Recurrent inflammation was registered in 96, 11% of patients with fibrinous cystitis and catarrhal cystitis, respectively, and in 62% of girls with bullous cystitis. Histological examination of 130 biopsies of bladder mucosa from girls with frequent recurrences of chronic cystitis provided a clear morphological picture of each endoscopic cystitis form.

[Currently used medical equipment and optimized approach to its upgrading].

The goal of this work was to optimize the approach to scheduled upgrading of medical equipment used in domestic medical institutions within the framework of the State Guarantee Program. The Government of Russian Federation declared the Health Service to be one of its priorities. This makes the problem under consideration especially important.