Efficiency and safety of nasal positive airway pressure systems during endoscopic procedures in high-risk patients: Endo-Breath study.

Sedation of high-risk patients is a relevant issue in interventional endoscopy. This is especially because standard oximetric monitors display only hypoxia and not the preceding hypercapnia. Therefore, the question arises whether use of a nasal positive airway pressure (nPAP) system can decrease the rate of sedation-associated events.

Determinants of weekly raw milk use by at-home meal preparers in the USA: evidence from the 2014-2016 American Time Use Survey - Eating and Health Module.

Objective: The number of states in the USA that allows sales of raw milk for human consumption has been trending upwards and reached thirty-eight in 2016. These legislative changes could encourage raw milk consumption. The current study examined the determinants of weekly raw milk use by at-home meal preparers in the USA.

Shiga Toxin-Producing (STEC) O157:H7 and Romaine Lettuce: Source Labeling, Prevention, and Business.

From May to November most romaine lettuce shipments in the United States come from California's Central Coast region, whereas from December to April most come from the Yuma, Arizona, region. During 2017-2018, the 3 outbreaks of Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) O157:H7 in US romaine lettuce all occurred at the tail end of a region's production season. During the fall 2018 outbreak, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommended that suppliers begin labeling romaine packaging so that consumers can identify the product's harvest region.

New Limit on the Permanent Electric Dipole Moment of ^{129}Xe Using ^{3}He Comagnetometry and SQUID Detection.

We report results of a new technique to measure the electric dipole moment of ^{129}Xe with ^{3}He comagnetometry. Both species are polarized using spin-exchange optical pumping, transferred to a measurement cell, and transported into a magnetically shielded room, where SQUID magnetometers detect free precession in applied electric and magnetic fields. The result from a one week measurement campaign in 2017 and a 2.

A magnetically shielded room with ultra low residual field and gradient.

A versatile and portable magnetically shielded room with a field of (700 ± 200) pT within a central volume of 1 m × 1 m × 1 m and a field gradient less than 300 pT/m, achieved without any external field stabilization or compensation, is described. This performance represents more than a hundredfold improvement of the state of the art for a two-layer magnetic shield and provides an environment suitable for a next generation of precision experiments in fundamental physics at low energies; in particular, searches for electric dipole moments of fundamental systems and tests of Lorentz-invariance based on spin-precession experiments. Studies of the residual fields and their sources enable improved design of future ultra-low gradient environments and experimental apparatus.

Test of Lorentz invariance with spin precession of ultracold neutrons.

A clock comparison experiment, analyzing the ratio of spin precession frequencies of stored ultracold neutrons and 199Hg atoms, is reported. No daily variation of this ratio could be found, from which is set an upper limit on the Lorentz invariance violating cosmic anisotropy field b perpendicular < 2 x 10(-20) eV (95% C.L.

Surface plasmons in terahertz metamaterials.

We characterize terahertz metamaterials by applying apertureless near-field microscopy with a bandwidth that covers the entire spectral response of the structures. The observations agree with the interpretation of the fundamental mode of the metamaterial. But the high frequency resonance shows properties that deviate from the common interpretation.

Mistakes were made: misperception as a barrier to reducing overweight.

Objective: To examine the agreement between individuals' weight status as measured by their body mass index (BMI) and their perceptions of their weight status in the US population.

Design: Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-94 (NHANES III), were used to cross-tabulate actual weight status and self-assessed weight status, identifying population proportions that underassessed or overassessed weight status. The study accounts for gender and socioeconomic and demographic variables to identify subpopulations in which relatively large numbers of individuals misperceive their weight status.

The influence of individual choices and attitudes on adiposity.

Objective: To determine which dietary and lifestyle choices and which attitudes toward diet and health most contribute to adiposity and whether those factors differ by gender.

Methods: Multiple regression was used to estimate the effect of energy intake, energy expenditure, resources, demographics, and attitudes toward diet and health on self-reported body mass index (BMI) in a nationally representative sample of the US population.

Sample: This study used secondary data from the 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) and its telephone follow-up, the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey (DHKS).

Strategies for promoting equity: experience with community financing in three African countries.

Although the need for a pro-poor health reform agenda in low and middle income countries is increasingly clear, implementing such policy change is always difficult. This paper seeks to contribute to thinking about how to take forward such an agenda by reflection on the community financing activities of the UNICEF/WHO Bamako Initiative. It presents findings from a three-country study, undertaken in Benin, Kenya and Zambia in 1994/95, which was initiated in order to better understand the nature of the equity impact of community financing activities as well as the factors underlying this impact.

The equity impacts of community financing activities in three African countries.

Although the Bamako Initiative from its very beginning was caught up in wider debates about the potential equity impact of any form of user financing, to date there has been little empirical investigation of this impact. This three-country study, undertaken in Benin, Kenya and Zambia in 1994/95, was initiated to add to the body of relevant evidence. It sought to understand not only what had been the equity impacts of community financing activities in these countries but also how they had been brought about.