Significance of oxidative stress in liver damage of male and female rats with simulated ethanol hepatitis.

Objective: Aim: to find out the gender characteristics of oxidative mechanisms of liver damage in rats with ethanol hepatitis (EH).

Patients And Methods: Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 48 white male and female rats: 1 - control, 2 - acute EH (12,5 ml/kg of a 40% ethanol solution prepared on 5% solution of glucose for 7 days).The diene and triene conjugates (DC, TC), Schiff's bases (SB), TBA-active products (TBA-ap), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were determined in the blood serum.

Spectroscopically Orthogonal Spin Labels in Structural Biology at Physiological Temperatures.

Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) is mostly used in structural biology in conjunction with pulsed dipolar spectroscopy (PDS) methods to monitor interspin distances in biomacromolecules at cryogenic temperatures both in vitro and in cells. In this context, spectroscopically orthogonal spin labels were shown to increase the information content that can be gained per sample. Here, we exploit the characteristic properties of gadolinium and nitroxide spin labels at physiological temperatures to study side chain dynamics via continuous wave (cw) EPR at X band, surface water dynamics via Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization at X band and short-range distances via cw EPR at high fields.

Isolation of a novel heterodimeric PSII complex via strep-tagged PsbO.

The multi-subunit membrane protein complex photosystem II (PSII) catalyzes the light-driven oxidation of water and with this the initial step of photosynthetic electron transport in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Its biogenesis is coordinated by a network of auxiliary proteins that facilitate the stepwise assembly of individual subunits and cofactors, forming various intermediate complexes until fully functional mature PSII is present at the end of the process. In the current study, we purified PSII complexes from a mutant line of the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus vestitus BP-1 in which the extrinsic subunit PsbO, characteristic for active PSII, was fused with an N-terminal Twin-Strep-tag.

[Composition of oropharyngeal microbiota in patients with COVID-19 of different pneumonia severity].

Aim: To identify features of the taxonomic composition of the oropharyngeal microbiota of COVID-19 patients with different disease severity.

Materials And Methods: The study group included 156 patients hospitalized with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 in the clinical medical center of Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry between April and June 2021. There were 77 patients with mild pneumonia according to CT (CT1) and 79 patients with moderate to severe pneumonia (CT2 and CT3).

The association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism with bronchial asthma.

Bronchial asthma (BA) is among the most prevalent chronic inflammatory disorders of the lung airways, and it has become clear that a mixture of genetic predisposition and environmental factors plays a critical role in its pathogenesis. The aim of presented review is to analyze the published data on the possible role of ACE gene polymorphism in BA development. The article is based on available literature found in Pubmed, Elsevier, Scopus, and Google scholar databases.

Benchmark Test and Guidelines for DEER/PELDOR Experiments on Nitroxide-Labeled Biomolecules.

Distance distribution information obtained by pulsed dipolar EPR spectroscopy provides an important contribution to many studies in structural biology. Increasingly, such information is used in integrative structural modeling, where it delivers unique restraints on the width of conformational ensembles. In order to ensure reliability of the structural models and of biological conclusions, we herein define quality standards for sample preparation and characterization, for measurements of distributed dipole-dipole couplings between paramagnetic labels, for conversion of the primary time-domain data into distance distributions, for interpreting these distributions, and for reporting results.

[Prevalence and prognostic value of gastroenterological manifestations of COVID-19: data from the Russian University Clinic].

Aim: Assessment of the prevalence and prognostic value of gastroenterological manifestations in patients with COVID-19.

Materials And Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study was carried out. Only cases with laboratory confirmed detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA using polymerase chain reaction in oro-/nasopharyngeal smear samples were subject to analysis.

Observation of serious adverse cardiovascular events over 3 years in patients with advanced atherosclerosis: is there a gender difference?

Unlabelled: Dyslipidemia has been widely acknowledged as one of the major predisposing factors for the development and progression of atherosclerosis. While advanced atherosclerosis confirmed to influence the prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), it has not yet been established, whether this impact is gender-dependent.

Aim: The aim of study was to investigate possible gender-related effect of dyslipidemia and generalized atherosclerosis on the long-term outcomes in patients with ACS.

In-Cell Double Electron-Electron Resonance at Nanomolar Protein Concentrations.

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is an established technique to site-specifically monitor conformational changes of spin-labeled biomolecules. Emerging in-cell EPR approaches aiming to address spin-labeled proteins in their native environment still struggle to reach a broad applicability and to target physiologically relevant protein concentrations. Here, we present a comparative and in-cell double electron-electron resonance (DEER) study demonstrating that nanomolar protein concentrations are at reach to measure distances up to 4.

In cell Gd-based site-directed spin labeling and EPR spectroscopy of eGFP.

Label-based functional studies of biomolecules in their native environment require labeling reactions inside living cells. In cell spin labeling using alkyne-azide click chemistry with a Gd3+-DOTAM-azide complex is shown to provide high spin label stability and narrow EPR lines for EPR spectroscopic detection of a spin labeled protein in living cells at ambient temperatures.

EPR Techniques to Probe Insertion and Conformation of Spin-Labeled Proteins in Lipid Bilayers.

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of spin-labeled membrane proteins is a valuable biophysical technique to study structural details and conformational transitions of proteins close to their physiological environment, for example, in liposomes, membrane bilayers, and nanodiscs. Unlike in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, having only one or few specific side chains labeled at a time with paramagnetic probes makes the size of the object under investigation irrelevant in terms of technique sensitivity. As a drawback, extensive site-directed mutagenesis is required in order to analyze the properties of the protein under investigation.

The extracellular gate shapes the energy profile of an ABC exporter.

ABC exporters harness the energy of ATP to pump substrates across membranes. Extracellular gate opening and closure are key steps of the transport cycle, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we generated a synthetic single domain antibody (sybody) that recognizes the heterodimeric ABC exporter TM287/288 exclusively in the presence of ATP, which was essential to solve a 3.

[Minimally invasive esophagectomy].

Certain advantages of minimally invasive esophagectomy compared with conventional approaches were observed. Optimal surgical access, technique and features of anastomoses formation are still unclear despite common tendency to minimally invasive esophageal surgery. Further researches are necessary to resolve these problems and improve the outcomes.

Formation and Fate of Point-Source Nonextractable DDT-Related Compounds on Their Environmental Aquatic-Terrestrial Pathway.

Nonextractable residues (NER) are pollutants incorporated into the matrix of natural solid matter via different binding mechanisms. They can become bioavailable or remobilize during physical-chemical changes of the surrounding conditions and should thus not be neglected in environmental risk assessment. Sediments, soils, and groundwater sludge contaminated with DDXs (DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; and its metabolites) were treated with solvent extraction, sequential chemical degradation, and thermochemolysis to study the fate of NER-DDX along different environmental aquatic-terrestrial pathways.

Degree of phenyl chlorination of DDT-related compounds as potential molecular indicator for industrial DDT emissions.

The pesticide DDT (1-chloro-4-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]benzene) and its degradates are among the most persistent and abundant organochlorine contaminates in the environment, and DDT is still being produced in several Asian countries. In this study, we report for the first time on the detection of DDT-related compounds with one additional or missing chlorine atom at the phenyl group (DDX) in sediment and soil samples taken in the vicinity of former and current DDT production sites. These congeneric compounds most likely originate from production residues disposed of into the environment.

DDT-related compounds as non-extractable residues in submarine sediments of the Palos Verdes Shelf, California, USA.

The Palos Verdes Shelf (PVS) and the continental slope off the Palos Verdes Peninsula are highly contaminated by degradation products of the pesticide DDT (1-chloro-4-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]benzene). Sediment samples from two box cores were analyzed to obtain further information about the fate of DDT and its degradation products within the environment. After solvent extraction, an alkaline hydrolysis procedure was applied.

Orthogonal spin labeling using click chemistry for in vitro and in vivo applications.

Site-directed spin labeling for EPR- and NMR spectroscopy has mainly been achieved exploiting the specific reactivity of cysteines. For proteins with native cysteines or for in vivo applications, an alternative coupling strategy is required. In these cases click chemistry offers major benefits by providing a fast and highly selective, biocompatible reaction between azide and alkyne groups.

Reduction of thermocoagulative injury via use of a picosecond infrared laser (PIRL) in laryngeal tissues.

The carbon dioxide (CO2) laser is routinely used in glottic microsurgery for the treatment of benign and malignant disease, despite significant collateral thermal damage secondary to photothermal vaporization without thermal confinement. Subsequent tissue response to thermal injury involves excess collagen deposition resulting in scarring and functional impairment. To minimize collateral thermal injury, short-pulse laser systems such as the microsecond pulsed erbium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Er:YAG) laser and picosecond infrared laser (PIRL) have been developed.

Use of a microsecond Er:YAG laser in laryngeal surgery reduces collateral thermal injury in comparison to superpulsed CO2 laser.

Despite causing significant thermocoagulative insult, use of the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser is considered gold standard in surgery for early stage larynx carcinoma. Limited attention has been paid to the use of the erbium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Er:YAG) laser in laryngeal surgery as a means to reduce thermal tissue injury. The objective of this study is to compare the extent of thermal injury and precision of vocal fold incisions made using microsecond Er:YAG and superpulsed CO2 lasers.

A novel tool in laryngeal surgery: preliminary results of the picosecond infrared laser.

Objectives/hypothesis: Conventional lasers ablate tissue through photothermal, photomechanical, and/or photoionizing effects, which may result in collateral tissue damage. The novel nonionizing picosecond infrared laser (PIRL) selectively energizes tissue water molecules using ultrafast pulses to drive ablation on timescales faster than energy transport to minimize collateral damage to adjacent cells.

Study Design: Animal cadaver study.