Real-life data of abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide treatment in post-chemotherapy metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in Poland.

Background: Abiraterone acetate (ABI) and Enzalutamide (ENZA) are second-generation hormone drugs that show breakthrough activity in post-chemotherapy, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The leading oncological and urological guidelines indicate both drugs with the same strong recommendation. There is a lack of randomized trials which compare the efficacy of ABI and ENZA.

Age-Related Cognitive Decline May Be Moderated by Frequency of Specific Food Products Consumption.

Our study aimed to evaluate whether the type of food products and the frequency of their consumption are associated with cognitive functioning in younger and older adults. The impact of diets that are high in added sugars and saturated fat on cognitive functioning, especially on memory, was at the center of our interest. Participants in the study were 204 healthy adults (aged 20-55) who performed a multitasking cognitive test and completed dietary and psychological questionnaires.

Disrupted Functional Rich-Club Organization of the Brain Networks in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, a Resting-State EEG Study.

Growing evidence indicates that disruptions in the brain's functional connectivity play an important role in the pathophysiology of ADHD. The present study investigates alterations in resting-state EEG source connectivity and rich-club organization in children with inattentive (ADHD) and combined (ADHD) ADHD compared with typically developing children (TD) under the eyes-closed condition. EEG source analysis was performed by eLORETA in different frequency bands.

Resting state dynamic functional connectivity in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. In this study, we investigated group differences in dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) between 113 children with inattentive (46 ADHD) and combined (67 ADHD) ADHD and 76 typically developing (TD) children using resting-state functional MRI data. For dynamic connectivity analysis, the data were first decomposed into 100 independent components, among which 88 were classified into eight well-known resting-state networks (RSNs).

Training Future International Clinical Academic Leaders Through a Structured Observership Program: Impact and Outcomes from the Initial Cohort.

Introduction: Clinical observership programs have existed for many years as both formal initiatives organized at the institutional or professional society level and informal arrangements between individual physicians and prospective mentors. However, few programs longitudinally assess their impact on patient care and require implementation of a postobservership project to demonstrate learning. In 2018, the Harvard Medical School Office for External Education launched the International Clinical Leaders Observership Program (ICLOP) as an opportunity for midcareer physicians to shadow Harvard Medical School faculty in one of three specialty areas: oncology, cardiology, or diabetology.

The Occurrence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder According to Three Different Diagnostic Criteria for Obesity.

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the group of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) according to three different diagnostic criteria for obesity. The effect of ADHD treatment on the risk of obesity was controlled. The study group consisted of 58 subjects aged from 8 to 17 years with ADHD.

Impact of COVID-19 on anxiety levels among patients with cancer actively treated with systemic therapy.

Background: Life-threatening diseases have a negative impact on emotional well-being and psychosocial functioning. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the level of anxiety caused by a neoplasm and the threat of coronavirus infection among patients with cancer actively treated with systemic therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, we searched for clinical factors associated with a higher level of anxiety.

Cortical source analysis of resting state EEG data in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Objective: This study investigated age-dependent and subtype-related alterations in electroencephalography (EEG) power spectra and current source densities (CSD) in children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: We performed spectral and cortical source (exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography, eLORETA) analyses using resting state EEG recordings from 40 children (8-16 years) with combined and inattentive subtypes of ADHD and 41 age-matched healthy controls (HC). Group differences in EEG spectra and CSD were investigated at each scalp location, voxel and cortical region in delta, theta, alpha and beta bands.

The SLC6A3 gene polymorphism is related to the development of attentional functions but not to ADHD.

Neuropharmacological and human clinical studies have suggested that the brain dopaminergic system is substantively involved in normal and pathological phenotypes of attention. Dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3) was proposed as a candidate gene for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We investigated the effect of the SLC6A3 variants on cognitive performance in ADHD and healthy children and teenagers.

[Ascites as the first manifestation of ovarian cancer in the disseminated stage--case report].

The presence of ascites is usually associated with portal hypertension, usually due to cirrhosis of the liver, with portal vein thrombosis, congestive cardiac failure, nephrotic syndrome, pancreatitis, tuberculosis. Approximately 10% of all cases of ascites occurs in malignant tumors, mostly of ovarian cancer. The purpose of this publication is to present the case of 63-year-old woman who has a basic and initial sole manifestation of disease--cancer of the ovary--was increasing ascites.

[Serum creatinine level and eGFR as the indices of renal function in present-day clinical practice].

The chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a polysymptomatic syndrome resulting from the reduction of active nephrons. It is estimated that the disease affects from 4.7-20% of adults.

Evaluation of oxime k203 as antidote in tabun poisoning.

We studied bispyridinium oxime K203 [(E)-1-(4-carbamoylpyridinium)-4-(4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)-but-2-ene dibromide] with tabun-inhibited human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in vitro, and its antidotal effect on tabun-poisoned mice and rats in vivo. We compared it with oximes K048 and TMB-4, which have proven the most efficient oxime antidotes in tabun poisoning by now. Tabun-inhibited AChE was completely reactivated by K203, with the overall reactivation rate constant of 1806 L mol(-1) min(-1).

Effects of concurrent access to multiple ethanol concentrations and repeated deprivations on alcohol intake of high-alcohol-drinking (HAD) rats.

High-alcohol-drinking rats, given access to 10% ethanol, expressed an alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) only after multiple deprivations. In alcohol-preferring (P) rats, concurrent access to multiple ethanol concentrations combined with repeated cycles of EtOH access and deprivation produced excessive ethanol drinking. The current study was undertaken to examine the effects of repeated alcohol deprivations with concurrent access to multiple concentrations of ethanol on ethanol intake of HAD replicate lines of rats.

Effects of alcohol and saccharin deprivations on concurrent ethanol and saccharin operant self-administration by alcohol-preferring (P) rats.

Consumption of sweet solutions has been associated with a reduction in withdrawal symptoms and alcohol craving in humans. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of ethanol and saccharin (SACC) deprivations on operant oral self-administration. Alcohol-preferring (P) rats were allowed to lever press concurrently self-administer ethanol (15% vol/vol) and SACC (0.

Purification and characterization of two cold-adapted extracellular tannin acyl hydrolases from an Antarctic strain Verticillium sp. P9.

Two extracellular tannin acyl hydrolases (TAH I and TAH II) produced by an Antarctic filamentous fungus Verticillium sp. P9 were purified to homogeneity (7.9- and 10.

Effects of multiple alcohol deprivations on operant ethanol self-administration by high-alcohol-drinking replicate rat lines.

Previously, we reported that the expression of an alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) under 24-h free-choice alcohol-drinking access in high-alcohol-drinking (HAD) replicate lines of rats is dependent upon repeated cycles of alcohol access and forced abstinence. In the present study, operant techniques (including progressive ratio measures) were used to examine the effects of initial deprivation length and number of deprivation cycles on the magnitude and duration of the ADE in HAD rats to test the hypothesis that repeated deprivations increase the reinforcing effects of ethanol. Adult male HAD-1 and HAD-2 rats were trained in two-lever operant chambers to concurrently self-administer 15% ethanol (v/v) on a fixed-ratio (FR)-5 schedule and water on an FR-1 schedule of reinforcement in daily 1-h sessions.

Holeboard discrimination learning in mice.

We have adapted to mice a holeboard-learning task, which allows simultaneous assessment of spatial working and reference-memory performance. The holeboard apparatus consists of an open-field chamber with a 16-hole floor insert. Across trials, animals have to learn that the same four holes of 16 are always baited.

Intracranial self-administration of cocaine within the posterior ventral tegmental area of Wistar rats: evidence for involvement of serotonin-3 receptors and dopamine neurons.

The rewarding properties of cocaine have been postulated to be regulated, in part, by the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system. The present study assessed whether adult female Wistar rats would self-administer cocaine directly into the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Following guide cannulae surgery aimed at either the posterior or anterior VTA, subjects were placed in an operant box equipped with an active lever that caused the delivery of the infusate and an inactive lever that did not.

Comparison of intracranial self-administration of ethanol within the posterior ventral tegmental area between alcohol-preferring and Wistar rats.

Background: A previous study indicated that selectively bred alcohol-preferring (P) rats self-administered ethanol (EtOH) directly into the ventral tegmental area (VTA), whereas the alcohol-nonpreferring line did not. Wistar rats will also self-administer EtOH directly into the posterior VTA. Because Wistar rats also have a low preference for EtOH solutions but self-inject EtOH into the VTA, this study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that there is an association between EtOH preference and sensitivity of the VTA to the reinforcing effects of EtOH.

Intracranial self-administration of ethanol within the ventral tegmental area of male Wistar rats: evidence for involvement of dopamine neurons.

Previous work from our laboratory indicated that female Wistar rats will self-administer ethanol (EtOH) directly into the posterior ventral tegmental area (VTA). These results suggested that VTA dopamine (DA) neurons might be involved in mediating the reinforcing actions of EtOH within this region. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) the dose-response effects for the self-administration of EtOH into the VTA of male Wistar rats, and (2) the involvement of VTA DA neurons in the reinforcing actions of EtOH within the VTA.