Anti-Cancer Properties of Resveratrol: A Focus on Its Impact on Mitochondrial Functions.

Cancer is one of the most serious public health issues worldwide, demanding ongoing efforts to find novel therapeutic agents and approaches. Amid growing interest in the oncological applications of phytochemicals, particularly polyphenols, resveratrol-a naturally occurring polyphenolic stilbene derivative-has emerged as a candidate of interest. This review analyzes the pleiotropic anti-cancer effects of resveratrol, including its modulation of apoptotic pathways, cell cycle regulation, inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis, its interaction with cancer stem cells and the tumor microenvironment.

Dose dumping of modified-release solid oral dosage forms.

The presented review article is a compilation of several foreign reviews and experimental papers, as well as several authority guidelines, which deal with the phenomenon of dose dumping of solid dosage forms with modified drug release. The aim of the publication is to present this often-neglected issue to a wider domestic audience. The work deals with two basic types of dose dumping, i.

Rational Design of Self-Emulsifying Pellet Formulation of Thymol: Technology Development Guided by Molecular-Level Structure Characterization and Ex Vivo Testing.

The growing need for processing natural lipophilic and often volatile substances such as thymol, a promising candidate for topical treatment of intestinal mucosa, led us to the utilization of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ss-NMR) spectroscopy for the rational design of enteric pellets with a thymol self-emulsifying system (SES). The SES (triacylglycerol, Labrasol®, and propylene glycol) provided a stable o/w emulsion with particle size between 1 and 7 µm. The ex vivo experiment confirmed the SES mucosal permeation and thymol delivery to enterocytes.

Use of droplet-based microfluidic techniques in the preparation of microparticles.

Microparticles are widely used in myriad fields such as pharmaceuticals, foods, cosmetics, and other industrial fields. Compared with traditional methods for synthesizing microparticles, microfluidic techniques provide very powerful platforms for creating highly controllable emulsion droplets as templates for fabricating uniform microparticles with advanced structures and functions. Microfluidic techniques can generate emulsion droplets with precisely controlled size, shape, and composition.

Exploration of Neusilin US2 as an Acceptable Filler in HPMC Matrix Systems-Comparison of Pharmacopoeial and Dynamic Biorelevant Dissolution Study.

Modern pharmaceutical technology still seeks new excipients and investigates the further use in already known ones. An example is magnesium aluminometasilicate Neusilin US2 (NEU), a commonly used inert filler with unique properties that are usable in various pharmaceutical fields of interest. We aimed to explore its application in hypromellose matrix systems (HPMC content 10-30%) compared to the traditionally used microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) PH 102.

Use of droplet-based microfluidic techniques in the preparation of microparticles.

Microparticles are widely used in myriad fields such as pharmaceuticals, foods, cosmetics, and other industrial fields. Compared with traditional methods for synthesizing microparticles, microfluidic techniques provide very powerful platforms for creating highly controllable emulsion droplets as templates for fabricating uniform microparticles with advanced structures and functions. Microfluidic techniques can generate emulsion droplets with precisely controlled size, shape, and composition.

Induction of Spermiation in Sterlet by PLGA Microparticle Delivery with Sustained Alarelin Release.

Carp pituitary treatment versus poly (lactiac-co-glycolic acid) microparticles with slow release of Alarelin at 35 µg kg or 200 µg kg body weight to induce spermiation was compared in sterlet . All hormone treatments initially increased testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone, with a subsequent decline in testosterone but consistent high levels of 11-ketotestosterone at 48 and 72 h post-treatment. Spermiation did not differ between hormone-treated groups, and was not detected in controls receiving saline solution.

A Critical Overview of FDA and EMA Statistical Methods to Compare In Vitro Drug Dissolution Profiles of Pharmaceutical Products.

A drug dissolution profile is one of the most critical dosage form characteristics with immediate and controlled drug release. Comparing the dissolution profiles of different pharmaceutical products plays a key role before starting the bioequivalence or stability studies. General recommendations for dissolution profile comparison are mentioned by the EMA and FDA guidelines.

Assessment of Antimicrobic, Antivirotic and Cytotoxic Potential of Alginate Beads Cross-Linked by Bivalent Ions for Vaginal Administration.

Antimicrobial agent abuse poses a serious threat for future pharmacotherapy, including vaginal administration. The solution can be found in simple polymeric systems with inherent antimicrobial properties without the need to incorporate drugs, for instance alginate beads cross-linked by bivalent ions. The main goal of the presented study was to provide improvement on the well-documented cytotoxicity of Cu cross-linked alginate.

Preformulation design of PLGA particulate system for multi-day drug delivery of the antidepressant mirtazapine.

In this experimental study, the biodegradable polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) microparticles (MP) loaded with the insoluble antidepressant mirtazapine were prepared by the simple o/w solvent evaporation method. The formation involved intrinsic variables, such as the content of polymer (700, 900 or 1200 mg), dichloromethane (5 or 10 ml) and/or drug (200 or 400 or 600 mg), and the volume of the aqueous emulsion phase (400, 600 or 800 ml). The influence of these parameters on the size and morphology of microparticles, encapsulation efficiency, and drug release behavior was observed.

Medicinal products with controlled drug release for local therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases from perspective of pharmaceutical technology.

The aim of this article is to introduce the basic design of used medicinal products with controlled drug release for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases and to clarify their behaviour in gastrointestinal tract from the perspective of pharmaceutical technology. Specifically, it focuses on pharmaceutical drugs containing 5-aminosalicylic acid (Asacol®, Pentasa®, Salofalk®) and budesonide (Budenofalk®, Cortiment®, Entocort®). As a part of this paper, basic recommendations and practical information that can be used in clinical practice are also given.

Matrix Vaginal Rings for Female Dogs-Effect of Altering Dimensions on Mechanical Properties and Dissolution Characteristics, and In vivo Safety Study.

The vaginal rings research is almost exclusively focused on rings for human medicine, although the dosage form offers improvement of therapeutic effect in other mammals as well. This contribution studied an effect of varying dimension parameters (diameter 20, 30 or 40 mm; height 3, 4 or 5 mm; width of annulus 5, 7.5 or 10 mm) on mechanical properties and dissolution behaviour of silicone vaginal rings with constant drug amount, intended for use in dogs.

Hypromellose - A traditional pharmaceutical excipient with modern applications in oral and oromucosal drug delivery.

Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), also known as Hypromellose, is a traditional pharmaceutical excipient widely exploited in oral sustained drug release matrix systems. The choice of numerous viscosity grades and molecular weights available from different manufacturers provides a great variability in its physical-chemical properties and is a basis for its broad successful application in pharmaceutical research, development, and manufacturing. The excellent mucoadhesive properties of HPMC predetermine its use in oromucosal delivery systems including mucoadhesive tablets and films.

Honoring the 80th Anniversary of the World War II outbrake.

This article, prepared on the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the World War II outbreak, serves to remind the war generation of pharmacists and their sacrifices through several selected personalities. In several short medallions it recalls the lives of heroes Tadeusz Pankiewicz and Laure Gatet, the German tanker Otto Carius and it mentions several other personalities. From the post-war generation it presents Jean-Claude Pressac as the author of the evidence elaboration on the Holocaust.

(Meth)acrylate copolymers of Eudragit® type in oral tablet technology.

This review focuses on the characterization of (meth)acrylate copolymers - Eudragit®, describing their thermal treatment behaviour, possible interactions between cationic and anionic polymers, incompatibilities related to Eudragits® and their use in the pharmaceutical technology of oral tablets. In summary, Eudragit® copolymers are divided into soluble ones, insoluble ones and a combination of these two types. The combination of soluble and insoluble poly(meth)acrylate gave a new type of polymer, Eudragit® FL.

New approach for detoxification of patients dependent on benzodiazepines and Z-drugs for reduction of psychogenic complications.

Benzodiazepines (BZDs) and Z-drugs are strongly addictive substances, acting on identical GABA receptors. Detoxification should be long-term and gradual, usually by tapering a long-acting BZD (diazepam) but no suitable commercial pharmaceutic product exists with the necessary low drug content. This review describes the specific pharmacological aspects and comparisons of individual BZDs in relation to their effects and addictiveness.

Interaction Pathways and Structure-Chemical Transformations of Alginate Gels in Physiological Environments.

The remarkably diverse affinity of alginate (ALG) macromolecules for polyvalent metal ions makes cross-linked alginate gels an outstanding biomaterial. Surprisingly, however, very little is known about their interactions and structural transformations in physiological environments. To bridge this gap, we prepared a set of ALG gels cross-linked by various ions and monitored their structural changes at different media simulating gastric and intestinal fluids and cellular environments.

Influence of formulation and process parameters on the properties of Cu2+/alginate particles prepared by external ionic gelation evaluated by principal component analysis.

Currently, the method of external ionic gelation for the preparation of alginate particles is successfully used not only in the field of pharmacy and medicine, but also especially in the field of biotechnology. Therefore, the preparation of alginate particles and their subsequent evaluation using principal component analysis was the key task of our experiment. To optimize this method, we focused on the evaluation of the effect of formulation (the polymer concentration, the hardening solution concentration) and process parameters (the outer diameter of the injection needle) on the properties of the resulting beads (yield, sphericity factor, equivalent diameter and swelling capacity at pH 6).

Clinical testing of antiretroviral drugs as future prevention against vaginal and rectal transmission of HIV infection - a review of currently available results.

The original purpose of vaginally applied microbicides was to slow down the HIV epidemic among the population until an effective vaccination was developed. Nowadays, antiretrovirals applied in the form of gels or vaginal rings are considered most prominent in this field and are tested via vaginal or, rarely, rectal applications in numerous clinical studies (9 different antiretroviral drugs in 33 clinical studies, especially in Africa). Only tenofovir (1 % gel) and dapivirine (25 mg in vaginal ring) progressed into the phase III clinical testing.

Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems: In vivo evaluation of their potential for oral vaccination.

Oral Immunization remains a challenge as antigens are rapidly metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract. In numerous previous studies, Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) have demonstrated to be a promising tool for oral delivery of biologics. In this study, the potential of SEDDS as vehicle for oral vaccination has been evaluated.

Diazepam filled hard capsules intended for detoxification of patients addicted to benzodiazepines and Z-drugs.

Objectives: The abuse of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs reduces the quality of life of millions of addicted people worldwide. They cannot be discontinued abruptly due to harmful withdrawal symptoms. Detoxification is usually based on replacement of short/middle acting benzodiazepines or Z-drugs by diazepam and tapering the dose over time.

The development of a silicone vaginal ring with a prostaglandin analogue for potential use in the treatment of canine reproductive disorders.

In veterinary medicine, vaginal rings (VRs) are rarely used. However, there are diseases of female dogs' reproductive system which represent a suitable possibility for their usage. An example of such a disease is canine pyometra which can be treated by lipophilic prostaglandin drugs, unfortunately with harmful side effects after systemic administration.

Highly Soluble Drugs Directly Granulated by Water Dispersions of Insoluble Eudragit® Polymers as a Part of Hypromellose K100M Matrix Systems.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the suitability of insoluble Eudragit® water dispersions (NE, NM, RL, and RS) for direct high-shear granulation of very soluble levetiracetam in order to decrease its from HPMC K100M matrices. The process characteristics, ss-NMR analysis, dissolution behavior, drug release mechanism and kinetics, texture profile analysis of the gel layer, and PCA analysis were explored. An application of water dispersions directly on levetiracetam was feasible only in a multistep process.

The size-reduced Eudragit® RS microparticles prepared by solvent evaporation method - monitoring the effect of selected variables on tested parameters.

Size-reduced microparticles were successfully obtained by solvent evaporation method. Different parameters were applied in each sample and their influence on microparticles was evaluated. As a model drug the insoluble ibuprofen was selected for the encapsulation process with Eudragit® RS.

Investigation of Dissolution Behavior HPMC/Eudragit/Magnesium Aluminometasilicate Oral Matrices Based on NMR Solid-State Spectroscopy and Dynamic Characteristics of Gel Layer.

Burst drug release is often considered a negative phenomenon resulting in unexpected toxicity or tissue irritation. Optimal release of a highly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) from hypromellose (HPMC) matrices is technologically impossible; therefore, a combination of polymers is required for burst effect reduction. Promising variant could be seen in combination of HPMC and insoluble Eudragits as water dispersions.