Association of the Glasgow Coma Scale with the Length of Hospital Stay in Patients with Thyroid Storm.

Objective The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is widely used to assess the levels of consciousness. This study examined whether or not the initial GCS score could be a marker of the length of hospital stay (LOS) in patients with thyroid storm. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 29 patients with thyroid storm in our hospital between January 2010 and December 2023.

Skin layer-specific spatiotemporal assessment of micrometabolism during wound angiogenesis.

Proper oxygen delivery through the microvasculature to injury site is essential to ensure the metabolic cascade during wound healing. Adaptation of vascular structure and oxygenation is key to unravel the regulation of blood perfusion, oxygen distribution and new tissue formation. Yet, visualizing micrometabolic responses at large scale in unperturbed living tissue remains challenging.

Endovascular treatment of unruptured aneurysm arising from duplicate origin of the middle cerebral artery - A case report and literature review.

Background: Duplicate origin of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is a rare variation of MCA, often mislabeled as the fenestration of the M1 segment of MCA.

Case Description: The authors treated an unruptured aneurysm, 8 mm in diameter, associated with a duplicate origin of MCA in a 42-year-old woman who underwent magnetic resonance imaging for transient vertigo. Clipping surgery was inapplicable due to the lack of space to insert clip blades between the neck and two origins of MCA.

Glomerular Endothelial Cell Receptor Adhesion G-Protein-Coupled Receptor F5 (ADGRF5) and the Integrity of the Glomerular Filtration Barrier.

Key Points: Deletion of endothelial receptor adhesion G-protein–coupled receptor F5 in mice led to abnormal structural and functional properties of the glomerular filtration barrier. Adhesion G-protein–coupled receptor F5 regulates gene expression of glomerular basement membrane components and a mechanosensitive transcription factor.

Background: Glomerular endothelial cells are recognized to be important for maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier.

Alternative Proximal Protection Method during Carotid Artery Stenting Using Combined Transbrachial and Transradial Artery Approaches.

Herein, we report a case of carotid artery stenting with proximal flow protection for severe stenosis of the left internal carotid artery using transbrachial and transradial artery approaches. Because an abdominal aortic aneurysm was present, we avoided the transfemoral approach. The procedure was successfully performed with a combination of an 8-Fr balloon guide catheter and microballoon catheter on separate axes.

Automated synapse-level reconstruction of neural circuits in the larval zebrafish brain.

Dense reconstruction of synaptic connectivity requires high-resolution electron microscopy images of entire brains and tools to efficiently trace neuronal wires across the volume. To generate such a resource, we sectioned and imaged a larval zebrafish brain by serial block-face electron microscopy at a voxel size of 14 × 14 × 25 nm. We segmented the resulting dataset with the flood-filling network algorithm, automated the detection of chemical synapses and validated the results by comparisons to transmission electron microscopic images and light-microscopic reconstructions.

In Vivo Study of Nasal Bone Reconstruction with Collagen, Elastin and Chitosan Membranes in Abstainer and Alcoholic Rats.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of collagen, elastin, or chitosan biomaterial for bone reconstruction in rats submitted or not to experimental alcoholism. Wistar male rats were divided into eight groups, submitted to chronic alcohol ingestion (G5 to G8) or not (G1 to G4). Nasal bone defects were filled with clot in animals of G1 and G5 and with collagen, elastin, and chitosan grafts in G2/G6, G3/G7, and G4/G8, respectively.

[Brain Mechanisms for Optical Illusions: From Motion Aftereffect in the Zebrafish].

An optical illusion represents a perception that deviates from the actual visual information of the visualized scene and is considered to be generated by an error in visual processing in the brain. The mechanisms by which optical illusions are generated have attracted the interest of scientists for many years. In this review, I focus on a vertebrate model, the zebrafish, and discuss how research using zebrafish has uncovered the mechanisms underlying optical illusions, and how optical illusions serve as a tool to help us understand how normal visual processing works in the brain.

Circuit Organization Underlying Optic Flow Processing in Zebrafish.

Animals' self-motion generates a drifting movement of the visual scene in the entire field of view called optic flow. Animals use the sensation of optic flow to estimate their own movements and accordingly adjust their body posture and position and stabilize the direction of gaze. In zebrafish and other vertebrates, optic flow typically drives the optokinetic response (OKR) and optomotor response (OMR).

Can Finger-Generated Force Be Used Reliably to Connect the Transducer for Resonance Frequency Analysis in Determining Implant Stability?

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum torque required to attach the transducer to the implant to measure the implant stability quotient (ISQ) with two different devices and to estimate if finger-generated torque would be reliable for this purpose.

Materials And Methods: One hundred implants were inserted into a uniform polyurethane block. The implants were distributed into 10 groups, with 10 implants each.

An Optical Illusion Pinpoints an Essential Circuit Node for Global Motion Processing.

Direction-selective (DS) neurons compute the direction of motion in a visual scene. Brain-wide imaging in larval zebrafish has revealed hundreds of DS neurons scattered throughout the brain. However, the exact population that causally drives motion-dependent behaviors-e.

A calibrated optogenetic toolbox of stable zebrafish opsin lines.

Optogenetic actuators with diverse spectral tuning, ion selectivity and kinetics are constantly being engineered providing powerful tools for controlling neural activity with subcellular resolution and millisecond precision. Achieving reliable and interpretable in vivo optogenetic manipulations requires reproducible actuator expression and calibration of photocurrents in target neurons. Here, we developed nine transgenic zebrafish lines for stable opsin expression and calibrated their efficacy in vivo.

Mouse genetics identifies unique and overlapping functions of fibroblast growth factor receptors in keratinocytes.

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are key regulators of tissue development, homeostasis and repair, and abnormal FGF signalling is associated with various human diseases. In human and murine epidermis, FGF receptor 3 (FGFR3) activation causes benign skin tumours, but the consequences of FGFR3 deficiency in this tissue have not been determined. Here, we show that FGFR3 in keratinocytes is dispensable for mouse skin development, homeostasis and wound repair.

DWARF WITH SLENDER LEAF1 Encoding a Histone Deacetylase Plays Diverse Roles in Rice Development.

In plants, reversible histone acetylation and deacetylation play a crucial role in various biological activities, including development and the response to environmental stress. Histone deacetylation, which is generally associated with gene silencing, is catalyzed by multiple histone deacetylases (HDACs). Our understanding of HDAC function in plant development has accumulated from molecular genetic studies in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Neuronal Architecture of a Visual Center that Processes Optic Flow.

Animals use global image motion cues to actively stabilize their position by compensatory movements. Neurons in the zebrafish pretectum distinguish different optic flow patterns, e.g.

A Cellular-Resolution Atlas of the Larval Zebrafish Brain.

Understanding brain-wide neuronal dynamics requires a detailed map of the underlying circuit architecture. We built an interactive cellular-resolution atlas of the zebrafish brain at 6 days post-fertilization (dpf) based on the reconstructions of over 2,000 individually GFP-labeled neurons. We clustered our dataset in "morphotypes," establishing a unique database of quantitatively described neuronal morphologies together with their spatial coordinates in vivo.

Loss of the adhesion G-protein coupled receptor ADGRF5 in mice induces airway inflammation and the expression of CCL2 in lung endothelial cells.

Background: Adhesion G-protein coupled receptor F5 (ADGRF5) was recently identified as an essential regulator of pulmonary surfactant homeostasis in alveolar type II cells. We previously showed that in addition to abnormal surfactant accumulation, Adgrf5-deficient (Adgrf5) mice exhibit emphysema-like signs, suggesting a possible role for ADGRF5 in immune regulation. Here, we extended the phenotypic analysis of Adgrf5 mice to help understand its biological role in the lung, and especially in immune regulation.

Optogenetic precision toolkit to reveal form, function and connectivity of single neurons.

All-optical methods enable the control and monitoring of neuronal activity with minimal perturbation of the system. Although imaging and optogenetic manipulations can be performed at cellular resolution, the morphology of single cells in a dense neuronal population has often remained unresolvable. Here we describe in detail two recently established optogenetic protocols for systematic description of function and morphology of single neurons in zebrafish.

Genetic targeting and anatomical registration of neuronal populations in the zebrafish brain with a new set of BAC transgenic tools.

Genetic access to small, reproducible sets of neurons is key to an understanding of the functional wiring of the brain. Here we report the generation of a new Gal4- and Cre-driver resource for zebrafish neurobiology. Candidate genes, including cell type-specific transcription factors, neurotransmitter-synthesizing enzymes and neuropeptides, were selected according to their expression patterns in small and unique subsets of neurons from diverse brain regions.

Preserving expression of Pdx1 improves β-cell failure in diabetic mice.

Pdx1, a β-cell-specific transcription factor, has been shown to play a crucial role in maintaining β-cell function through transactivation of β-cell-related genes. In addition, it has been reported that the expression levels of Pdx1 are compromised under diabetic conditions in human and rodent models. We therefore aimed to clarify the possible beneficial role of Pdx1 against β-cell failure and generated the transgenic mouse that expressed Pdx1 conditionally and specifically in β cells (βPdx1) and crossed these mice with Ins2 diabetic mice.

High-dose methotrexate following intravitreal methotrexate administration in preventing central nervous system involvement of primary intraocular lymphoma.

In order to prevent central nervous system (CNS) involvement and improve the prognosis of primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL), we prospectively evaluated the efficacy of combined therapy using intravitreal methotrexate (MTX) and systemic high-dose MTX on treatment-naïve PIOL. Patients with newly diagnosed PIOL whose lymphoma was limited to the eyes were enrolled. The patients were treated with weekly intravitreal MTX until the ocular lesions were resolved, followed by five cycles of systemic high-dose MTX (3.

Sustained expression of GLP-1 receptor differentially modulates β-cell functions in diabetic and nondiabetic mice.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has been shown to play important roles in maintaining β-cell functions, such as insulin secretion and proliferation. While expression levels of GLP-1 receptor (Glp1r) are compromised in the islets of diabetic rodents, it remains unclear when and to what degree Glp1r mRNA levels are decreased during the progression of diabetes. In this study, we performed real-time PCR with the islets of db/db diabetic mice at different ages, and found that the expression levels of Glp1r were comparable to those of the islets of nondiabetic db/misty controls at the age of four weeks, and were significantly decreased at the age of eight and 12 weeks.