Comprehensive genomic evaluation of advanced and recurrent breast cancer patients for tailored precision treatments.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate genetic alterations within breast cancer in the setting of recurrent or de novo stage IV disease.

Patients And Methods: This study included 22 patients with recurrent breast cancer (n = 19) and inoperable de novo stage IV breast cancer (n = 3). For next generation sequencing, FoundationOneCDx (F1CDx) (Foundation Medicine Inc.

Multicenter, Retrospective Study to Evaluate Necitumumab Plus Cisplatin and Gemcitabine After Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Squamous Cell Lung Cancer in Japan: The NINJA Study.

Introduction: Necitumumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin (GCN) is a standard therapy for patients with advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSqCC). However, the efficacy and tolerability of GCN in second-line or later treatment for patients previously treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remain unknown.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective, cohort study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of GCN initiated between November 1, 2019 and March 31, 2022 as second-line to fourth-line treatment in patients with advanced LSqCC who had been pretreated with ICIs.

Pseudocarcinomatous Hyperplasia of the Nose and Necrotic Tracheitis Associated with Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

A 29-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia presented with persistent grade-4 febrile neutropenia (FN) after initial chemotherapy with idarubicin and cytarabine. Despite intensive treatment, FN persisted. Subsequently, her nose became reddish and swollen, obstructing the nasal cavities.

Factors associated with early discontinuation of anamorelin in patients with cancer-associated cachexia.

Purpose: Cancer-associated cachexia, a multifactorial syndrome involving loss of muscle mass and anorexia, is an unremitting problem for cancer patients. Anamorelin has become available for cancer-associated cachexia, but early discontinuation is common in clinical practice. This study aimed to explore factors related to the early discontinuation of anamorelin and its relationship to survival.

Subpleural fibrotic interstitial lung abnormalities are implicated in non-small cell lung cancer radiotherapy outcomes.

Background: The relationship between interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) and the outcomes of lung cancer radiotherapy is unclear. This study investigated whether specific ILA subtypes are risk factors for radiation pneumonitis (RP).

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study analysed patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with radical-intent or salvage radiotherapy.

The Impact of Estrogen Receptor Expression on Mutational Status in the Evolution of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: The role of estrogen receptor (ER) status in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer and its impact on prognosis remain unclear.

Materials And Methods: We previously reported a prospective, multicenter, molecular epidemiology study (Japan Molecular Epidemiology for Lung Cancer Study [JME]). We examined the relationship of ER status with reproductive and hormonal factors, mutational profile, and survival using JME study data.

Differential properties of KRAS transversion and transition mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: associations with environmental factors and clinical outcomes.

Background: KRAS-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 23-35% and 13-20% of all NSCLCs in white patients and East Asians, respectively, and is therefore regarded as a major therapeutic target. However, its epidemiology and clinical characteristics have not been fully elucidated because of its wide variety of mutational subtypes. Here, we focused on two distinct base substitution types: transversion mutations and transition mutations, as well as their association with environmental factors and clinical outcome.

Real-World Data Analysis of Pembrolizumab Monotherapy for NSCLC Using Japanese Postmarketing All-Case Surveillance Data.

Introduction: Pembrolizumab is a programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitor that was initially indicated for monotherapy in patients with advanced lung cancer. The Japanese Lung Cancer Society conducted an observational study on pembrolizumab using confirmative data obtained through postmarketing all-case surveillance (PMACS), which was performed by a pharmaceutical company under the Japanese law in 2017.

Methods: This multicenter observational study was conducted by the Japanese Lung Cancer Society using PMACS data with the newly created central registration system regarding patients with NSCLC who received pembrolizumab monotherapy between February 1, 2017 and June 30, 2017; a new database was created by adding the clinical information regarding prognosis for 3 years after therapy to the existing data collected by PMACS.

The diagnostic yield and characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage in suspected nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease.

Background: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has widely been used to manage respiratory diseases including respiratory infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of BAL for detecting nontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 54 patients who underwent bronchoscopy due to suspected NTM pulmonary disease.

A case of renal cell carcinoma with microscopic pulmonary tumor embolism proven by surgical lung biopsy.

Pulmonary tumor embolism (PTE) is difficult to diagnose before death. We report the case of a 75-year-old man with microscopic PTE of renal cell carcinoma who was diagnosed by surgical lung biopsy. He visited our hospital because of dyspnea on exertion.

Prognostic impact of pretreatment T790M mutation on outcomes for patients with resected, EGFR-mutated, non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Many previous studies have demonstrated that minor-frequency pretreatment T790M mutation (preT790M) could be detected by ultrasensitive methods in a considerable number of treatment-naïve, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases. However, the impact of preT790M in resected cases on prognosis remains unclear.

Methods: We previously reported that preT790M could be detected in 298 (79.

Long-term good outcome of the fibrocavitary form of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease with concomitant abatacept monotherapy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.

A 53-year-old woman diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) demonstrated thick-walled large cavities with consolidation in the left upper lobe on chest computed tomography (CT). Mycobacterium avium was isolated from sputum cultures, and she was diagnosed as having the fibrocavitary (FC) form of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease. Clarithromycin-containing, multidrug, anti-MAC chemotherapy was started immediately.

Bronchial carcinoid tumor managed with bronchial artery embolization before endobronchial resection: A case report.

Endobronchial resection using a bronchoscope is often selected as treatment for carcinoid tumors located in the central airways. However, massive bleeding is one of the most serious complications during bronchoscopic surgery. Here, we report the case of a 77-year-old female with a typical carcinoid tumor located in the right truncus intermedius who underwent bronchial artery embolization (BAE) one day before endobronchial intervention using a flexible bronchoscope.

A case of acute inhalation injury caused by premeditated chlorine gas exposure.

Chlorine is a toxic gas that causes severe inhalation injury. We report the case of a 43-year-old woman who inhaled chlorine gas generated by mixing household bleach and vinegar. She was referred to our hospital because she had developed respiratory failure.

Sequential therapy of crizotinib followed by alectinib for non-small cell lung cancer harbouring anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement (WJOG9516L): A multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Background: The data of sequential therapy of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in clinical practice have been limited.

Methods: We reviewed the clinical data of patients with ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer who received crizotinib (CRZ) or alectinib (ALEC) between May 2012 and December 2016. Patients were divided into two groups based on the first-administered ALK-TKI, the CRZ or ALEC group.

Clinical utility of liquid biopsy for EGFR driver, T790M mutation and EGFR amplification in plasma in patients with acquired resistance to afatinib.

Background: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) genotyping in plasma using the cobas EGFR Mutation Test v2 (cobas) is the first liquid biopsy as a companion diagnosis to identify the EGFR T790M mutation (T790M) after the failure of treatment of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (1st generation, gefitinib [G] and erlotinib [E] and 2nd generation, afatinib [A]). This study investigated the clinical utility of a liquid biopsy for patients who acquired resistance to afatinib.

Methods: We prospectively collected plasma from 51 patients who had acquired resistance to afatinib between April 2015 and November 2016 to evaluate the frequency of T790M by cobas and digital droplet PCR (UMIN000025112).

Prognostic impact of serum procalcitonin in non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Increased serum procalcitonin (PCT), a well-known biomarker for sepsis, has been reported in several cancer types. We aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of PCT in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Medical records of 51 consecutive patients with NSCLC (Aichi Medical University Hospital) admitted between July 2017 and July 2018 were retrospectively reviewed.

Can smoking duration alone replace pack-years to predict the risk of smoking-related oncogenic mutations in non-small cell lung cancer? A cross-sectional study in Japan.

Objective: To investigate whether smoking duration alone can replace pack-years to predict the risk of oncogenic mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Design: A cross-sectional study using the baseline dataset from the Japan Molecular Epidemiology for Lung Cancer Study.

Setting: Forty-three medical institutions nationwide in Japan.

Propensity score analysis of overall survival between first- and second-generation EGFR-TKIs using real-world data.

We constructed a data set of EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients, and compared the overall survival of first-generation (1G), and second-generation (2G) EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in clinical practice using a propensity score. We reviewed the clinical data of consecutive EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients who received EGFR-TKI therapy between January 2008 and August 2017 at 11 institutions in Japan. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS).

Impact of somatic mutations on prognosis in resected non-small-cell lung cancer: The Japan Molecular Epidemiology for lung cancer study.

Background: To report the follow up data and clinical outcomes of the JME study (UMIN 000008177), a prospective, multicenter, molecular epidemiology examination of 876 surgically resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases, and the impact of somatic mutations (72 cancer-associated genes) on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).

Methods: Patients were enrolled between July 2012 and December 2013, with follow up to 30th November 2017. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the impact of gene mutations on RFS and OS, considering sex, smoking history, age, stage, histology, EGFR, KRAS, TP53, and number of coexisting mutations.

CCR4 Expression in Tumor-Infiltrating Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung: A Prognostic Factor for Relapse and Survival.

To clarify the prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating effector regulatory T cells (eTregs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), eTregs were evaluated by immunohistochemical detection of CCR4 and Foxp3 in 108 consecutive surgical NSCLC tumors. Multivariate analysis showed that a high ratio of CCR4 eTregs to total Tregs (≥40%) was the only independent risk factor for relapse-free survival (odds ratio [OR]: 6.54, 95% confidence interval: 1.

Small cell lung cancer and interstitial pneumonia associated with anti-transcriptional intermediary factor-1γ-positive dermatomyositis.

Antibodies to transcriptional intermediary factor-1γ (TIF-1γ) are strongly associated with malignancy in patients with dermatomyositis but a relatively low risk for interstitial lung disease. We report the case of a 68-year-old female with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and interstitial pneumonia who was diagnosed first with dermatomyositis positive for serum anti-TIF-1γ antibodies. Because interstitial pneumonia co-existed, she was treated with carboplatin and etoposide without radiotherapy.

Cost-utility analysis of aprepitant for patients who truly need it in Japan.

Purpose: Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (NKRA) is recommended to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients who receive highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC or MEC, respectively). We previously reported that aprepitant, an NKRA, was needed to control CINV in 43% and 12% of patients who received HEC and MEC, respectively (Support Care Cancer 23:905-912, 2015). To elucidate the cost-effectiveness of aprepitant in these patients, a cost-utility analysis according to the necessity of aprepitant was performed.

Bicytopenia in Primary Lung Melanoma Treated with Nivolumab.

A 73-year-old man who was a current smoker complained of weakness in his limbs and slow movement and was diagnosed with primary lung melanoma with brain metastases. Following stereotactic brain radiotherapy, nivolumab was administrated. After the first cycle of nivolumab, his blood neutrophil count and hemoglobin levels started to decline.