Lung cancer detection. Results of a randomized prospective study in Czechoslovakia.

A randomized prospective study of lung cancer detection was begun in 1976 to evaluate semiannual screening by radiologic and sputum cytologic study in comparison to screening at a 3-year interval, and to no screening. In a high-risk population of 6364 men (aged 40 to 64 years), the initial prevalence of lung cancer was 0.28% (18 cases), the annual incidence was 0.

The absolute configuration on the chiral nitrogen atom of proline residue in the metal complexes of oligopeptides.

The CD spectra of the Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes with peptides containing N-terminal L-proline residue are discussed. The formation of the absolute configuration on the bound proline nitrogen is observed in all studied complexes and its contribution to the chiralooptical properties is easily seen in CD spectra.

The influence of smoking and other etiopathogenetic factors on the incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma and chronic nonspecific respiratory diseases.

In the longterm epidemiological studies carried out in the Kol ín District, Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, in the course of the past 20 years, the importance of cigarette smoking as a risk factor of bronchogenic carcinoma and chronic bronchitis has been confirmed. The proportion of cigarette smokers in the population of the district under study, aged 15 years and over, was 57% for males and 14% females. The incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma, proved by histological or cytological examination, was approximately 50 times higher in males from 40 to 64 years of age, who had smoked 200 000 cigarettes and over, than in non-smokers.

[Risk groups and effective x-ray screening frequency of bronchial cancer].

Mortality from bronchial carcinoma has increased in Czechoslovakia since 1950 to the threefold and has amounted to 47.6/100,000 in 1979. Looking for ways to influence this unfavorable development two epidemiological studies were performed with the aim to find hints to increase the efficiency of mass x-ray screenings.

Epidemiology of chronic non specific respiratory disease and the smoking-control program in young people.

In an epidemiological study in the Kolin-District, Czechoslovakia, the percentage of cigarette-smokers was 57% of the male inhabitants aged 15 years and over, and 14% of the females of the same age group. The greatest proportion of cigarette smokers was in the age-group 25-34 years. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 13% of all males aged 15 years and over, and 4% of all females.

Studies on smoking, chronic nonspecific respiratory diseases, and lung cancer in selected territories of Czechoslovakia.

Results of epidemiological studies in selected territories of Czechoslovakia confirmed the important role of cigarette smoking as a risk factor of chronic bronchitis and lung cancer. Surveys in Kolin-District, in Prague, and Zatec revealed that the prevalence of chronic bronchitis for adult male smokers was 3--4 times, for adult female smokers twice higher than for the nonsmokers of the respective age and sex. The risk of developing lung cancer in male smokers aged 40--64 years who had smoked a total amount of 200,000 cigarettes and over was approximately 50 times higher than for nonsmokers.

[Detection and dispensary care of groups of persons at increased risk of bronchogenic cancer disease in Czechoslovakia].

Epidemiological and clinical studies organized by the Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Research Institute, Prague, revealed that the main high-risk factors associated with the incidence of lung cancer in Czechoslovakia are as follows: are and sex, heavy cigarette smoking, persistent cough, expectoration and other symptoms of chronic respiratory disease, and lung lesions of tuberculosis or probably tuberculosis origin. The methods used in Czechoslovakia for lung cancer detection include photofluorography, which has been combined in some investigations with a standard questionnaire eliciting smoking habits and symptoms of respiratory disease. Cytological sputum investigation in suspicion to lung cancer was found to be a useful contribution to the diagnosis.

Epidemiological and clinical study of tuberculosis in the district of Kolín, Czechoslovakia. Second report (1965-1972).

An epidemiological and clinical study of tuberculosis in a district with a population of 100 000 has been in operation in Czechoslovakia since 1960. Its objective is to ascertain the epidemiological situation and long-term trend in respect of tuberculosis in a country with well-established tuberculosis control facilities. This second report presents the results achieved in the period 1965-72 and the epidemiological trend of tuberculosis observed during the 12-year study period.