[Changes in light sensitivity of the visual system with age and in patients with ischemic optic neuropathy].

Objective: To evaluate contrast-color sensitivity (CCS) of central vision, contrast-frequency sensitivity (CFS) and dynamic visual acuity (DVA) in healthy people and patients with ischemic optic neuropathy (ION).

Material And Methods: The study was performed for 115 eyes with normal static visual acuity (1.0) in 111 healthy people; 25 patients (39 eyes) with acute anterior ION and 26 patients (26 eyes) with chronic ION.

[Light sensitivity of the visual system in patients with demyelinating optic neuropathy in acute retrobulbar neuritis].

Based on the data analysis of contrast-color sensitivity, contrast - frequency sensitivity and dynamic visual acuity, the quantitative estimation of light sensitivity of ill and healthy eyes of patients with demyelinating optic neuropathy in acute retrobulbar neuritis has been carried out. The differences between these functional parameters of light sensitivity of the visual system are used for discussion of the pathogenesis of demyelinating optic neuropathy and possibility of its early diagnosis.

[Detection of error eye movements by cerebral detector errors and their correction].

The models of the investigation of the function of cerebral error detector of eye movements are described. The data which quantifies the temporal parameters of error detection and correction of eye saccades healthy people is stated. The data on the differences in the duration of the latent period, speed and other indicators of error and correct saccades is used to discuss the types of sensory signals used by brain detector for error detection and correction of eye movements.

[Character of age-related changes of saccadic eye movements in patients with multiple sclerosis].

On the basis of the analysis of electrooculografy traces of saccadic eye movements, the quantitative estimation of static and dynamic parameters of visual and auditory saccades, and small a, Cyrillicntisaccades in regard with age was carried out in 62 patients with multiple sclerosis and 163 healthy controls. The significant increase (p< or =0,05) of saccadic latency was observed in older controls compared to younger ones and in patients with multiple sclerosis compared to age-matched controls. The differences in saccadic latency, duration, accuracy, peak velocity and other parameters are discussed in the aspect of their association with processes of development, myelination and aging of visual and central nervous system.

[Corrective saccades in patients with multiple sclerosis].

Basing on the data analysis of natural and erroneous fast eye movements, the quantitative estimation of static and dynamic features of corrective saccades in patients with multiple sclerosis has been carried out. The differences in latency, maximal velocity and other parameters of corrective movements are used in the discussion of brain strategies on the development of normal and corrective eye movements and neuronal pathways for their realization.

Developmental and hormonal regulation of thermosensitive neuron potential activity in rat brain.

To understand the involvement of thyroid hormone on the postnatal development of hypothalamic thermosensitive neurons, we focused on the analysis of thermosensitive neuronal activity in the preoptic and anterior hypothalamic (PO/AH) regions of developing rats with and without hypothyroidism. In euthyroid rats, the distribution of thermosensitive neurons in PO/AH showed that in 3-week-old rats (46 neurons tested), 19.5% were warm-sensitive and 80.

[Analysis of changes in serotonin, histamine, and prostaglandin E2 levels in cerebrospinal fluid and body tissues during hyperthermia of various origins].

Physical hyperthermia caused distinct increase in content of serotonin in liquor and its decrease in hypothalamus of rabbits and rats, while histamine and PGE2 were unaltered in liquor of these animals. Considerable increase of PGE2 in liquor simultaneously with unaltered content of serotonin and histamine were detected in rabbits with pyrogenal-caused fever. A decrease in PGE2 content and elevation of serotonin were found in animals liquor after normalization of body temperature within 7 hrs of the pyrogenal treatment.

[The effect of serotonin and histamine administered in low doses on body temperature].

Experiments on white rats and mice have shown that intraventricular administration of serotonin (10 mg) or intraabdominal administration of histamine (0.5 mg/kg) do not affect body temperature, whereas simultaneous administration of these drugs leads to a reliable drop of body temperature due to intensification of the heat output and the inhibition of heat production. These biogenic amines seem to act as the substances with additive hypothermal properties and, probably, are the components of natural antipyretic system of the warm-blooded organism.

[Central mechanisms of thermoregulation and phase transitions of brain lipids pertaining to them].

The experiments in rats and rabbits revealed a correlation among the body temperature, the peripheral temperature threshold, central (thermosensitive neurons) thermoregulatory responses, and the temperature of phasic transition of brain lipids three latter parameters rising during experimental fever. The composition of phospholipids changed in hypothalamic tissues, i.e.

[Effect of phosphatidylcholine on the body temperature and activity of posterior hypothalamus neurons in animals].

The experiments on rats and rabbits have shown that exogenous phosphatidyl choline (PC) was capable of altering the body temperature and bioelectrical activity of posterior hypothalamus neurons following intravenous and intracerebroventricular administration. Intracerebroventricular PC was more effective in raising the body temperature of rats. The experiments on rabbits have demonstrated that the influence of PC (intravenous administration) on the body temperature depended on the initial body temperature.

[Phase transitions, lipid-lipid interactions and their role in some biostructures].

The phase states and phase transitions of some lipids, lipid mixtures of blood and tissues of some animals and human were examined by the method of scanning calorimetry (DSC-2, "Perkin--Elmer"). It was determined that in monohydrated and in hydrated systems, cholesterol produces a liquefying effect on the total phospholipids of the brain and blood. In complex multicomponent lipid systems changes of the phase states and of temperatures of the phase transitions of some lipids were discovered.