Double-Negative T (DNT) Cells in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Double-negative T (DNT) cells are a rare and unconventional T-lymphocyte subpopulation lacking both CD4 and CD8 markers. Their immunopathological roles and clinical relevance have yet to be elucidated. Beyond autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), these cells may also play a role in rheumatic disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); indeed, these two diseases share several autoimmune manifestations (including nephritis).

Total serum IgA levels and HLA-DQB1*02:01 allelic status.

Immunoglobulin A Deficiency (IgAD) is the most common primary immunodeficiency and is significantly associated with Celiac Disease (CD), which recognizes a specific background of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) predisposition (including HLA-DQB1*02:01 allele). A number of studies investigated the role of HLA in IgAD etiopathogenesis: HLA-DQB1*02 alleles are included in the main haplotypes linked to this primary immunodeficiency. In this preliminary study, we investigated the potential impact of HLA-DQB1*02:01 allelic status on total serum IgA levels: 108 serum samples from the bone marrow donors' registry were analyzed for total IgA concentration with respect to the HLA-DQB1*02:01 status.

Serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in children affected with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

Background And Objective: Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody isotype in the human body, considering its presence on the mucosal surfaces, in addition to the amount circulating in the bloodstream. Serum IgA levels can be variably altered in several pathological settings. However, very few studies specifically investigated serum IgA in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA).

Celiac Disease and Gallbladder: Pathophysiological Aspects and Clinical Issues.

: Celiac Disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder which primarily affects the small intestine; however, extra-intestinal organs are often affected by the pathological process, too. As regards the digestive system, liver alterations in CD patients have been widely described, which can also extend to the biliary tract. Notably, gallbladder function can be altered in CD patients.

Central and effector memory T cells in peripheral blood of patients with interstitial pneumonia: preliminary clues from a COVID-19 study.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pre-existing T-cell immune reactivity can be present in some people. A general perturbation of the main peripheral lymphocyte subsets has been described in severe COVID-19 patients, but very few studies assessed the general memory T-cell homeostasis in the acute phase of COVID-19. Here, we performed a general analysis of the main memory T cell populations in the peripheral blood of patients admitted to the hospital for a confirmed or probable COVID-19 diagnosis.

Analysis of Peripheral Blood Basophils in Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Basophils are the least abundant circulating leukocytes, and their immunological role has not yet been completely elucidated. There is evidence supporting their immunomodulatory role in several pathological settings; recently, studies in both experimental models and humans suggested that basophil homeostasis may be altered in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here, we first assessed circulating basophils in children affected with pediatric SLE (pSLE).

Celiac Disease in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Other Pediatric Rheumatic Disorders.

Celiac Disease (CD) is an immune-mediated and gluten-related disorder whose prevalence is higher in children affected with other autoimmune disorders, including diabetes mellitus type 1, autoimmune thyroiditis, and others. As regards Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) and other pediatric rheumatic disorders, there is no clear recommendation for CD serological screening. In this review, we analyze all the available clinical studies investigating CD among children with JIA (and other rheumatic diseases), in order to provide objective data to better understand the necessity of CD serological screening during the follow-up.

Seroprevalence and Total IgE Levels in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

Background: () is implicated in several immune-mediated extrapulmonary manifestations, including reactive arthritis. Recently, increased total serum IgE were reported in children developing -related extrapulmonary diseases (MpEPDs). Here, we aimed at analyzing these aspects in children affected with rheumatic disorders and, in detail, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA).

Reliability of the Multiplex CytoBead CeliAK Immunoassay to Assess Anti-tTG IgA for Celiac Disease Screening.

The diagnosis of Celiac Disease (CD) is first based on the positivity for specific serological markers. The CytoBead CeliAK immunoassay simultaneously measures antibodies (IgA) directed to tissue transglutaminase (tTG), endomysium (EMA), and deamidated gliadin (DG), in addition to providing a control for total IgA levels. The aim of this study is to assess the reliability of this multiplex assay to detect anti-tTG IgA positive patients, compared with a conventional single-parameter enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Fecal and Duodenal Microbiota in Pediatric Celiac Disease.

The gut microbiota plays a role in regulating the host immunity. Therefore, alterations in gut microbiota (or dysbiosis) have been investigated in several gastrointestinal diseases, including Celiac Disease (CD). The aim of this study is to summarize the main characteristics of the gut microbiota in pediatric CD.

Basophils and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Murine Models and Human Patients.

Basophils are the rarest cell population in the blood. Even though basophils are known to participate in some allergic reactions and immune responses to parasitic infections, their immunological role is still largely elusive. Recent evidence has suggested that in some murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus-like nephritis, basophils may also be implicated in autoimmunity processes by promoting autoantibody production and tissue injury.