[Comparison and Source Apportionment of PAHs Pollution of Runoff from Roads in Suburb and Urban Areas of Shanghai].

Rapid urbanization has driven surface runoff pollution in urban areas to a serious state. In particular, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)from road surface runoff has attracted wide attention. Two traffic roads in Shanghai (Caobao Road in an urban central area, and Jiajin Expressway in the suburbs) were identified as research objects.

[Distribution Characteristics of Sulfonamide Antibiotic Resistance Genes in a Drinking Water Source in East China].

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in drinking water sources have attracted widespread attention due to the threat they pose to water security and human health. This study mainly focused on the distribution of sulfonamide ARGs () and one integrase gene () in water and sediment using qualitative and fluorescent quantitative PCR, based on previous work on the characteristics of 13 kinds of sulfonamides in a drinking water source in East China. Results showed that the three target genes were all detected in water and sediment.

[Distribution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Thirteen Sulfonamides Antibiotics in a Drinking Water Source in East China].

Trace levels of residual antibiotics in drinking water sources may threaten public health and becomes a serious issue in modern society. Occurrence and distribution of 13 sulfonamides antibiotics in a drinking water source in East China were investigated using solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results revealed that all 13 sulfonamides were detected with the total concentrations ranging from 10.

Ecotoxicological evaluation of low-concentration bisphenol A exposure on the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and intrinsic mechanisms of stress response in vivo.

As a representative species of nematodes, Caenorhabditis elegans is an attractive animal model for evaluating ecotoxicological effects and intrinsic mechanisms of the stress response in vivo. To acquire a better knowledge of environmental effects of bisphenol A (BPA), ecotoxicological evaluations were conducted using C. elegans on the physiological (growth, locomotion behaviors, and reproduction), biochemical (lipofuscin accumulation, reactive oxygen species production, and cell apoptosis), and molecular (stress-related gene expression) responses.

Characterization of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons and Environmental Variables in a Shallow Groundwater in Shanghai Using Kriging Interpolation and Multifactorial Analysis.

CAHs, as a cleaning solvent, widely contaminated shallow groundwater with the development of manufacturing in China's Yangtze River Delta. This study focused on the distribution of CAHs, and correlations between CAHs and environmental variables in a shallow groundwater in Shanghai, using kriging interpolation and multifactorial analysis. The results showed that the overall CAHs plume area (above DIV) was approximately 9,000 m(2) and located in the 2-4 m underground, DNAPL was accumulated at an area of approximately 1,400 m(2) and located in the 6-8m sandy silt layer on the top of the muddy silty clay.

Ecotoxicity of bisphenol A to Caenorhabditis elegans by multigenerational exposure and variations of stress response in vivo across generations.

In order to understand how bisphenol A (BPA) exposure acts on the evolutionary dynamics of populations and changes of stress response across generations, the model animal Caenorhabditis elegans was used to conduct the multigenerational testing. Multiple endpoints at the physiological (growth, reproduction, and locomotion behaviors) and molecular (stress-related gene expressions) levels were examined by multigenerational exposure to low-concentration BPA (0.001-10 μM) across four generations.

Natural attenuation model and biodegradation for 1,1,1-trichloroethane contaminant in shallow groundwater.

Natural attenuation is an effective and feasible technology for controlling groundwater contamination. This study investigated the potential effectiveness and mechanisms of natural attenuation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) contaminants in shallow groundwater in Shanghai by using a column simulation experiment, reactive transport model, and 16S rRNA gene clone library. The results indicated that the majority of the contaminant mass was present at 2-6 m in depth, the contaminated area was approximately 1000 m × 1000 m, and natural attenuation processes were occurring at the site.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in resident Eurasian Tree Sparrow from Shanghai: geographical distribution and implication for potential sources.

An investigation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus) samples (n=37) collected from different land use areas in Shanghai provided information about the levels, compositional patterns, geographical distribution, potential sources of PBDEs and the evaluation of contamination status in Shanghai. The concentrations of BDE 209 and Sum-PBDEs were within the range of 8.20-292.

[Distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in wild crucian carp and exposure estimation of dietary intake].

The concentration and distribution of PBDEs in liver, heart, brain, egg and muscle tissues of market farmed fish and wild river fish (crucian carp) from Taizhou, which is a large e-waste recycling site in China, were quantitatively measured using gas chromatography -negative chemical ion tandem mass spectrometry (GC-NCI-MS). The dietary intake of PBDEs via the consumption of fish by the population of this region was also estimated. The results showed that the concentrations of PBDEs in the muscle of river fish samples near the e-waste recycling site were significantly higher than those in the market farmed fish without obviously polluted sources of PBDEs.

Aerobic biodegradation of trichloroethylene and phenol co-contaminants in groundwater by a bacterial community using hydrogen peroxide as the sole oxygen source.

Trichloroethylene (TCE) and phenol were often found together as co-contaminants in the groundwater of industrial contaminated sites. An effective method to remove TCE was aerobic biodegradation by co-metabolism using phenol as growth substrates. However, the aerobic biodegradation process was easily limited by low concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in groundwater, and DO was improved by air blast technique with difficulty.

Bio-beads with immobilized anaerobic bacteria, zero-valent iron, and active carbon for the removal of trichloroethane from groundwater.

Chlorinated hydrocarbons are the most common organic pollutants in groundwater systems worldwide. In this study, we developed bio-beads with immobilized anaerobic bacteria, zero-valent iron (ZVI), and activated carbon (AC) powder and evaluated their efficacy in removing 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) from groundwater. Bio-beads were produced by polyvinyl alcohol, alginate, and AC powder.

[Effects of soil compositions on sorption and desorption behavior of tetrachloroethylene in soil].

Sorption and desorption play an important role in the transport and the fate of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in soil. In order to examine influences of different soil compositions on PCE sorption-desorption, equilibrium batch experiments were carried out using four sorbents (natural soil with 2.23% total organic carbon (TOC), H2O2-treated soil, 375 degrees C-treated soil and 600 degrees C-treated soil) with different initial PCE liquid concentrations (c0).

Effects of Pb(Ⅱ) exposure on Chlorella protothecoides and Chlorella vulgaris growth, malondialdehyde, and photosynthesis-related gene transcription.

Greater exposure to Pb(Ⅱ) increases the likelihood of harmful effects in the environment. In this study, the aquatic unicellular alga Chlorella protothecoides (C. protothecoides) and Chlorella vulgaris (C.

Biodegradation of perchloroethylene and chlorophenol co-contamination and toxic effect on activated sludge performance.

This study investigated the effects of PCE and 2-CP co-contamination on growth of microbial community in terms of enzymatic activity and microbial diversity in activated sludge. Results showed that the activities of three key enzymes (dehydrogenase, phosphatase and urease) decreased significantly when PCE (in the range of 5-150 mg/L) was mixed with 2-CP (in the range of 25-150 mg/L). Especially, activity of dehydrogenase decreased by more than 93% as the concentration of PCE and 2-CP both reached 150 mg/L.

Distribution and temporal trend of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in one Shanghai municipal landfill, China.

The scarcity of information on polybrominated diphenyl ethers' (PBDEs) flow in landfill restricts the life cycle analysis of PBDEs. In this study, eight PBDE congeners (BDEs 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183, and 209) in topsoil, vegetation leaves, leachate, and municipal aged refuse collected from Shanghai Laogang Municipal Landfill (SLML) were investigated. The present study revealed elevated PBDE concentrations in topsoil and proved PBDE leakage from SLML and vegetation uptake.

[Characteristics and influencing factors of trichloroethylene adsorption in different soil types].

Adsorption plays an important role in the transport and the fate of trichloroethylene (TCE) in soil. Six types of soil, including two types of natural soil with different organic carbon content and four types of soil with the low aggregation of "soft carbon" pre-treated by hydrogen peroxide or with all organic carbon removed by high temperature ignition from the original soil, were adopted as adsorbents. The effects of parameters (organic carbon content and composition, minerals, the initial TCE concentration, solution pH, moisture content and ionic strength) on TCE adsorption capacity were examined.

Biodegradation of benzene homologues in contaminated sediment of the East China Sea.

This study focused on acclimating a microbial enrichment to biodegrade benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) in a wide range of salinity. The enrichment degraded 120 mg/L toluene within 5d in the presence of 2M NaCl or 150 mg/L toluene within 7d in the presence of 1-1.5M NaCl.

[Control effect of different covering patterns on indigenous nutrient release from sediment].

A laboratory simulation experiment was conducted to study the release of sediment phosphorous and nitrogen under the effects of coating the sediment with plastic, clinoptilolite, calcite, quartz sand, and calcium nitrate, aimed to provide scientific basis and technical support to control the sediment nutrient release under the background of water environment pollution by different concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. The control efficacy of test coating materials for sediment total phosphorous release was in the order of plastic > calcium nitrate > clinoptilolite > calcite > quartz sand, and that for sediment total nitrogen release was in the order of clinoptilolite > plastic > calcite > quartz sand > calcium nitrate. As for the release of sediment NO(3-)-N, the control efficacy of test coating materials was calcium nitrate > quartz sand > clinoptilolite > calcite > plastic coating; whereas for the release of sediment NH(4+)-N, the sequence was calcium nitrate > plastic coating > clinoptilolite > calcite > quartz sand.

Acute and chronic toxic effects of bisphenol A on Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus.

The acute and chronic toxic effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) on Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) and Scenedesmus obliquus (S. obliquus) were not well understood.

Toxicological effect of joint cadmium selenium quantum dots and copper ion exposure on zebrafish.

Quantum dots (QDs) have strong adsorption capacity; therefore, their potential toxicity to aquatic organisms from the facilitated transport of other trace toxic pollutants when they coexist has received increasing interest. However, the impact of cadmium selenium (CdSe) QDs and copper ion (Cu(2+)) joint exposure on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo and larvae remains almost unknown. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine the developmental toxicities to zebrafish exposed to combined pollution with CdSe QDs (500 µg/L) and Cu(2+) (0, 0.

Effects of 1,1,1-trichloroethane on enzymatic activity and bacterial community in anaerobic microcosm form sequencing batch reactors.

1,1,1-Trichloroethane (TCA), a major organic and groundwater contaminant, has very strong toxic effects on humans, plants and microorganisms. Effects of TCA on enzymatic activity and microbial diversity were investigated in the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) under methanogenic, nitrate-reducing, sulfate-reducing and benzene/toluene degrading conditions. The activities of three enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, phosphatase and protease) were significantly decreased in the presence of 5 mg/L TCA.

[Mechanism of quantum dots facilitating Cu2+-induced hepatic L02 cells toxicity: possible trojan-horse role of QDs].

Concerns regarding the potential environmental impact of quantum dots (QDs) are raised for its extensive use. Understanding the influences of QDs on original environmental pollutants induced toxicity and obtaining information about the mechanism is crucial to evaluate potential ecological hazards posed by QDs. The effects of QDs on Cu2+ induced Hepatic L02 cells toxicity and the mechanisms were investigated.