Advancements, Challenges, and Future Prospects in Clinical Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Comprehensive Review.

Hyperpolarized (HP) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a groundbreaking imaging platform advancing from research to clinical practice, offering new possibilities for real-time, non-invasive metabolic imaging. This review explores the latest advancements, challenges, and future directions of HP MRI, emphasizing its transformative impact on both translational research and clinical applications. By employing techniques such as dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (dDNP), Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization (PHIP), Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE), and Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping (SEOP), HP MRI achieves enhanced nuclear spin polarization, enabling in vivo visualization of metabolic pathways with exceptional sensitivity.

Brain tissue oxygen monitoring in moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury: Physiological determinants, clinical interventions and current randomised controlled trial evidence.

Modern intensive care for moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI) focuses on managing intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). This approach lacks robust clinical evidence and often overlooks the impact of hypoxic injuries. Emerging monitoring modalities, particularly those capable of measuring brain tissue oxygen, represent a promising avenue for advanced neuromonitoring.

Endometrial cancer risk stratification using MRI radiomics: corroborating with choline metabolism.

Background And Purpose: Radiomics offers little explainability. This study aims to develop a radiomics model (Rad-Score) using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to predict high-risk patients for nodal metastasis or recurrence in endometrial cancer (EC) and corroborate with choline metabolism.

Materials And Methods: From August 2015 to July 2018, 356 EC patients were enrolled.

Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Technical Considerations and Clinical Applications.

Hyperpolarized (HP) carbon-13 (C) MRI represents an innovative approach for noninvasive, real-time assessment of dynamic metabolic flux, with potential integration into routine clinical MRI. The use of [1-C]pyruvate as a probe and its conversion to [1-C]lactate constitute an extensively explored metabolic pathway. This review comprehensively outlines the establishment of HP C-MRI, covering multidisciplinary team collaboration, hardware prerequisites, probe preparation, hyperpolarization techniques, imaging acquisition, and data analysis.

Metabolomic profiling of maternal plasma identifies inverse associations of acetate and urea with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers following COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy.

We conducted a comprehensive metabolomic analysis of plasma samples obtained from pregnant women who displayed varying post-vaccination antibody titers after receiving mRNA-1273-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The study involved 62 pregnant women, all of whom had been vaccinated after reaching 24 weeks of gestation. To quantify post-vaccination plasma antibody titers, we employed binding antibody units (BAU) in accordance with the World Health Organization International Standard.

Aspartate and Acetate Fuel Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Beyond the Warburg Effect.

Unlabelled: Metabolic reprogramming is closely linked to the tumorigenesis and drug resistance of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Mapping the metabolic orbit of GISTs is a prerequisite if intervention against the metabolic vulnerability of refractory GISTs is desirable.

Methods: A total of 43 patients with treatment-naïve GISTs who had undergone surgical resections were enrolled, on whom a metabolomics profile detected from surgical specimens was constructed based on the H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) platform.

Comparing Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) and the MAGiC Sequence for Simultaneous T1 and T2 Quantitative Measurements in the Female Pelvis: A Prospective Study.

The aim of this study was to explore the potential of magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF), an emerging quantitative MRI technique, in measuring relaxation values of female pelvic tissues compared to the conventional magnetic resonance image compilation (MAGiC) sequence. The study included 32 female patients who underwent routine pelvic MRI exams using anterior and posterior array coils on a 3T clinical scanner. Our findings demonstrated significant correlations between MRF and MAGiC measured T1 and T2 values ( < 0.

Developing a Method to Estimate the Downstream Metabolite Signals from Hyperpolarized [1-C]Pyruvate.

Hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI has the advantage of allowing the study of glycolytic flow in vivo or in vitro dynamically in real-time. The apparent exchange rate constant of a metabolite dynamic signal reflects the metabolite changes of a disease. Downstream metabolites can have a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), causing apparent exchange rate constant inconsistencies.

Relationships Between Metabolic Body Composition Status and Rapid Kidney Function Decline in a Community-Based Population: A Prospective Observational Study.

Obesity and metabolic syndrome are strong risk factors for incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the predictive accuracy of metabolic body composition status (MBCS), which combines the status of obesity and metabolic syndrome, for rapid kidney function decline (RKFD) is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between MBCS and RKFD in a healthy population in a prospective community-based cohort study.

Monitoring Early Glycolytic Flux Alterations Following Radiotherapy in Cancer and Immune Cells: Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

Alterations in metabolism following radiotherapy affect therapeutic efficacy, although the mechanism underlying such alterations is unclear. A new imaging technique-named dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) carbon-13 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-probes the glycolytic flux in a real-time, dynamic manner. The [1-C]pyruvate is transported by the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) into cells and converted into [1-C]lactate by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).

Escalating Mean Arterial Pressure in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective, Observational Study.

To investigate cerebral autoregulatory status in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), guidelines now suggest active manipulation of mean arterial pressure (MAP). There is a paucity of data, however, describing the effect on intracranial pressure (ICP) when MAP is raised. Consecutive patients with TBI requiring ICP monitoring were enrolled from November 2019 to April 2020.

Metabolomic biomarkers in cervicovaginal fluid for detecting endometrial cancer through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Introduction: Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynecologic neoplasms in developed countries but lacks screening biomarkers.

Objectives: We aim to identify and validate metabolomic biomarkers in cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) for detecting EC through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

Methods: We screened 100 women with suspicion of EC and benign gynecological conditions, and randomized them into the training and independent testing datasets using a 5:1 study design.

Glycerophospholipids pathways and chromosomal instability in gastric cancer: Global lipidomics analysis.

Background: Based on the breakthrough of genomics analysis, The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Group recently proposed an integrative genomic analysis, dividing gastric cancer (GC) into four subtypes, characterized by the chromosomal instability (CIN) status. However, the CIN status of GC is still vaguely characterized and lacking the valuable easy-to-use CIN markers to diagnosis in molecular and histological detection.

Aim: To explore the associations of CIN with downstream lipidomics profiles.

Metabolomic alterations and chromosomal instability status in gastric cancer.

Aim: To explore the correlation of metabolomics profiles of gastric cancer (GC) with its chromosomal instability (CIN) status.

Methods: Nineteen GC patients were classified as CIN and non-CIN type by The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Group system, based on 409 oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes sequenced. The aqueous metabolites of the GC tumor and its surrounding adjacent healthy tissues were identified through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Early Imaging Biomarker of Myocardial Glucose Adaptations in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance Model by Using F-FDG PET and [U-C]glucose Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Tracer.

Background: High-fat diet (HFD) induces systemic insulin resistance leading to myocardial dysfunction. We aim to characterize the early adaptations of myocardial glucose utility to HFD-induced insulin resistance.

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into two groups, fed a regular chow diet or HFD ad libitum for 10 weeks.

LPA signaling mediates tumor lymphangiogenesis through promoting CRT expression in prostate cancer.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid growth factor which is present in high levels in serum and platelets. LPA binds to its specific G-protein-coupled receptors, including LPA to LPA, thereby regulating various physiological functions, including cancer growth, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. Our previous study showed that LPA promotes the expression of the lymphangiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C in prostate cancer (PCa) cells.

Intrahepatic hepatitis B virus large surface antigen induces hepatocyte hyperploidy via failure of cytokinesis.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an aetiological factor for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite current antiviral therapies that successfully reduce the viral load in patients with chronic hepatitis B, persistent hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) remains a risk factor for HCC. To explore whether intrahepatic viral antigens contribute directly to hepatocarcinogenesis, we monitored the mitotic progression of HBV-positive cells.

Diagnostic accuracy of 3.0T diffusion-weighted MRI for patients with uterine carcinosarcoma: Assessment of tumor extent and lymphatic metastasis.

Background: Assessment of tumor extent and lymphatic metastasis of uterine carcinosarcomas is important for treatment planning.

Purpose/hypothesis: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 3.0T diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI for patients with uterine carcinosarcoma, in assessment of tumor extent and lymphatic metastasis.

Developing and validating a multivariable prediction model to improve the diagnostic accuracy in determination of cervical versus endometrial origin of uterine adenocarcinomas: A prospective MR study combining diffusion-weighted imaging and spectroscopy.

Background: A triage test to assist clinical decision-making on choosing primary chemoradiation for cervical carcinomas or primary surgery for endometrial carcinomas is important.

Purpose Or Hypothesis: To develop and validate a multiparametric prediction model based on MR imaging and spectroscopy in distinguishing adenocarcinomas of uterine cervical or endometrial origin.

Study Type: Prospective diagnostic accuracy study.

Early Response Monitoring Following Radiation Therapy by Using [F]FDG and [C]Acetate PET in Prostate Cancer Xenograft Model with Metabolomics Corroboration.

We aim to characterize the metabolic changes associated with early response to radiation therapy in a prostate cancer mouse model by 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-d-glucose ([F]FDG) and [C]acetate ([C]ACT) positron emission tomography, with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics corroboration. [F]FDG and [C]ACT PET were performed before and following irradiation (RT, 15Gy) for transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate xenografts. The underlying metabolomics alterations of tumor tissues were analyzed by using ex vivo NMR.

Bone marrow pathology predicts mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients.

Introduction: A bone marrow biopsy is a useful procedure for the diagnosis and staging of various hematologic and systemic diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the findings of bone marrow studies can predict mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients.

Methods: Seventy-eight end-stage renal disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis underwent bone marrow biopsies between 2000 and 2011, with the most common indication being unexplained anemia followed by unexplained leukocytosis and leukopenia.

Induction of Bcl-2 expression by hepatitis B virus pre-S2 mutant large surface protein resistance to 5-fluorouracil treatment in Huh-7 cells.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with poor prognosis due to resistance to conventional chemotherapy and limited efficacy of radiotherapy. Our previous studies have indicated that expression of Hepatitis B virus pre-S2 large mutant surface antigen (HBV pre-S2Δ) is associated with a significant risk of developing HCC. However, the relationship between HBV pre-S2Δ protein and the resistance of chemotherapeutic drug treatment is still unclear.

Three dimensional electrode array for cell lysis via electroporation.

Microfabricated devices for cell lysis have demonstrated many advantages over conventional approaches. Among various design of microdevices that employ electroporation for cytolysis, most utilize Ag/AgCl wires or 2D planar electrodes. Although, simple in fabrication the electric field generated by 2D electrodes decays exponentially, resulting in rather non-uniform forcing on the cell membrane.