17α-Ethynylestradiol and 4-nonylphenol stimulate lung adenocarcinoma cell production in xenoestrogenic way.

Lung cancer has been one of the major cancers leading to mortalities worldwide. In addition to smoking, estrogen is considered to play an important role in the lung cancer development because women have a higher proportion of adenocarcinoma than men. In the environment, there are many metabolites and waste products that mimic human estrogen structurally and functionally.