Knee-ankle joint line angle: a significant contributor to high-degree knee joint line obliquity in medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy.

Background: Medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) changes the knee joint inclination in the coronal plane, which can be compensated by the ankle joint. Once there is a decompensated knee joint obliquity, it can induce excessive shear force on the articular cartilage. This study aimed to investigate the capacity of the compensation by analyzing the correlation of the knee-ankle joint line angle (KAJA) and the knee joint line obliquity (KJLO).

Focal proximal fibular angle: A potential indicator of the tibial mechanical axis in opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy.

Background: For opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy, correct alignment is essential for a better prognosis. It is difficult to evaluate the mechanical axis of the lower extremity or tibia using a single fluoroscopic image. This study aimed to discuss the use of focal proximal fibular angle (FPFA), which can be assessed by a single fluoroscopic image, as an intraoperative indicator.