Enhanced hippocampal TIAM2S expression alleviates cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease model mice.

Background: Dendritic spine dysfunction is a key feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Human T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 2 (TIAM2) is expressed in two isoforms, the full length (TIAM2L) and a short transcript (TIAM2S). Compared to TIAM2L protein, which is undetectable, TIAM2S protein is abundant in human brain tissue, especially the hippocampus, and can promote neurite outgrowth in our previous findings.

Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematoma After Normal Spontaneous Delivery with Epidural Analgesia: Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Pregnancy is a known risk factor for spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. During cesarean section or vaginal delivery, the unstable hemodynamic status that may occur owing to fluctuation of intra-abdominal pressure increases the possibility of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. During labor and the postpartum period, neurologic symptoms may be masked by labor pain or anesthesia block, which makes early diagnosis difficult, especially in the obstetric clinic without a neurologist or neurosurgeon.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Effects on Depression-Like Behavior and Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury Rats.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy causes attenuation of traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced depression-like behavior and its associated anti-neuroinflammatory effects after fluid percussion injury.

Methods: Anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: sham operation plus normobaric air (NBA) (21% oxygen at 1 absolute atmosphere [ATA]), TBI plus NBA, and TBI plus HBO (100% oxygen at 2.0 ATA).

Associations between chronic diseases and choking deaths among older adults in the USA: a cross-sectional study using multiple cause mortality data from 2009 to 2013.

Objectives: To examine whether the strengths of the associations between chronic diseases and overall choking differ from those of the associations between chronic diseases and only food-related choking.

Design: This cross-sectional study used nationwide multiple cause mortality files.

Setting: The USA.

Chronic Indwelling Urinary Catheter Increase the Risk of Bladder Cancer, Even in Patients Without Spinal Cord Injury.

Chronic indwelling urinary catheters (CIDCs) are known as a risk factor for bladder cancer in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). This study examined the potential risk of bladder cancer from CIDCs in patients without SCI.The National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan was used to identify SCI patients (N = 1816).

Trends in Unintentional Fall-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Death Rates in Older Adults in the United States, 1980-2010: A Joinpoint Analysis.

Unintentional fall-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) death rate is high in older adults in the United States, but little is known regarding trends of these death rates. We sought to examine unintentional fall-related TBI death rates by age and sex in older adults from 1980 through 2010 in the United States. We used multiple-cause mortality data from 1980 through 2010 (31 years of data) to identify fall-related TBI deaths.

Right iliac aortic aneurysmal hemorrhage as a complication of lumbar discectomy.

Background: Vascular injury is rarely reported but can be a life-threatening complication after lumbar disc surgery.

Case Description: We report a case of the rupture of a pseudoaneurysm of the right common iliac artery after spinal surgery for herniation of an intervertebral disc. It was successfully treated by prompt surgical repair.

Intraoperative applications of intracranial pressure monitoring in patients with severe head injury.

From December 2002 to January 2004, 30 patients (20 men and 10 women; mean age 36.8 years [+/- 14.9 years]) with preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 8 or less underwent emergency haematoma evacuation surgery and continuous intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and mean arterial blood pressure monitoring to determine ICP and CPP thresholds to predict patient outcomes.

Rhabdomyolysis after cerebral perfusion pressure-guided management in severe head injury.

Intravenous infusion of norepinephrine is usually effective and safe to maintain adequate cerebral perfusion pressure for the management of posttraumatic intracranial hypertension. We report the case of a 17-year-old woman who suffered from traumatic intracranial bleeding and hypotension; she developed rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinuria and acute renal failure after receiving high dose norepinephrine postoperatively. Hemodialysis was begun 3 days after the onset of myoglobinuria when acute renal failure was noted, despite aggressive fluid supplementation and alkaline diuresis.