MicroRNAs in idiopathic childhood nephrotic syndrome.

Background: miRNAs are non-coding RNA that are recognized as biomarkers of kidney disorders. There is limited information on the differential expression of miRNA and their target genes in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of childhood.

Methods: We enrolled patients, 2-18 years old, with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome, either at onset or during relapse, and steroid-resistant disease, at diagnosis of steroid-resistance.

Spectrum of Alport syndrome in an Indian cohort.

Background: Next-generation sequencing has enabled non-invasive diagnosis of type IV collagen disease in clinical settings other than the typical presentation of Alport syndrome (AS).

Methods: We reviewed the clinical and histological records of children diagnosed with Alport syndrome based on next-generation sequencing. Variants on clinical exome sequencing were categorized using ACMG 2015 criteria.

An open label non-inferiority randomized controlled trial evaluated alternate day prednisolone given daily during infections vs. levamisole in frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome.

Initial therapies for children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome include alternate-day prednisolone that is given daily during infections, or levamisole. In this open label, non-inferiority trial, 160 patients, 2 to 18-years-old with frequent relapses, were randomly assigned to receive either prednisolone (0.5-0.