Macrophage - tumor cell interaction beyond cytokines.

Tumor cells communication with tumor associated macrophages is a highly important factor of tumor malignant potential development. For a long time, studies of this interaction were focused on a cytokine- and other soluble factors -mediated processes. Discovery of exosomes and regulatory RNAs as their cargo opened a broad field of research.

Role of macrophages in progression of colorectal cancer: a contrast with the traditional paradigm.

The phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages may be critical for tumor immunity, angiogenesis, and clinical disease outcome. Here, we elucidated the prognostic significance of the neovasculature and macrophages in colorectal cancer. We analyzed the effect of M2 macrophage density on the clinical behavior of 151 primary colorectal carcinomas using CD206 as a marker for type 2 macrophages.

Molecular Pathologic Subtyping of Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma in Young Patients.

Urothelial cancer is a heterogeneous disease with different molecular pathways that produce distinct molecular subtypes with specific characteristics and patient survival outcomes that require different therapeutic methods. Urothelial tumors in young patients appear to have distinct genetic features compared with their counterparts in older patients. Using a Lund subtype-specific immunohistochemistry panel, we performed molecular subtype profiling of an urothelial carcinoma case series (n = 49) in patients younger than 45 years of age.

Development and Characterization of a Novel Monoclonal Antibody Against Chitinase-like Protein CHID1 Applicable for Immunohistochemistry on Formalin Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Sections.

CHID1 has been recently described as a predictive marker of different malignant tumors. Thus, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for CHID1 detection in different human liquids and in tissues are an important tool for the diagnosis of CHID1-positive cancers. However, only few mAbs have been established to date.

Proliferative Funiculitis-Like Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma With Mesothelial Glandular Structures: A Diagnostic Pitfall.

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma shows a wide morphological spectrum. We present a case of dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the spermatic cord in a 66-year-old male that was initially misinterpreted as pseudosarcomatous proliferative funiculitis with mesothelial proliferation.

Small Subset of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Skin Is Associated With Alterations of the MYBL1 Gene Similar to Their Extracutaneous Counterparts.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the skin is a rare malignant neoplasm histologically identical to homonymous tumors in other organs. Cutaneous ACC has been found to harbor MYB gene activations, either through MYB chromosomal abnormalities or by generation of the MYB-NFIB fusion. In salivary gland ACC, in addition to the MYB gene, alterations in MYBL1, the gene closely related to MYB, have been reported.

Myxopapillary Ependymoma of Lumbar Soft Tissue: A Case Report With Gene Expression Evaluation.

Primary extraspinal myxopapillary ependymoma (MPE) is an exceptionally rare lesion that is mainly located in the subcutaneous sacrococcygeal region. We describe the first case of MPE that presented as an intramuscular tumor mass located in the lumbar area. Absence of the visible connection with the spinal cord and lack of any other tumors in the reported case argue for the primary ectopic origin of the MPE.

Spectrum of Changes in Anogenital Mammary-like Glands in Primary Extramammary (Anogenital) Paget Disease and Their Possible Role in the Pathogenesis of the Disease.

To determine whether a subset of primary extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) may originate in anogenital mammary-like glands (AGMLG), the authors studied 181 specimens of EMPD, detailing alterations in AGMLG. The latter were identified in 33 specimens from 31 patients. All patients were women, ranging in age from 38 to 93 years (median, 65 y).

Pseudomyxoma Peritonei as a First Manifestation of KRAS-Mutated Urachal Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma of the Bladder: A Case Report.

Only 28 cases of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) arising from urachal neoplasms have been reported. We report one example of this extremely rare disease with KRAS mutational status in its spectrum of pathology. A 45-year-old woman presented with urachal frankly invasive mucinous cystadenocarcinoma confined to the dome of the bladder, which clinically manifested as PMP and was not detected at the first surgery.

Study of Selected BRCA1, BRCA2, and PIK3CA Mutations in Benign and Malignant Lesions of Anogenital Mammary-Like Glands.

Anogenital mammary-like glands (AGMLGs) are nowadays considered a normal component of the anogenital area. Lesions involving AGMLGs are histopathologically very similar to their mammary counterparts, but the information on molecular biological mechanisms in these vulvar/perianal tumors is scarce. Mutations in the PI3K-AKT cascade have been found in hidradenoma papilliferum.

Depth and Patterns of Adnexal Involvement in Primary Extramammary (Anogenital) Paget Disease: A Study of 178 Lesions From 146 Patients.

Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare neoplasm usually presenting in the anogenital area, most commonly in the vulva. Adnexal involvement in primary EMPD is a very common feature and serves as a pathway for carcinoma to spread into deeper tissue. The depth of carcinomatous spread along the appendages and the patterns of adnexal involvement were studied in 178 lesions from 146 patients with primary EMPD.

Biphasic Squamoid Alveolar Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Distinctive Subtype of Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma?

Biphasic squamoid alveolar renal cell carcinoma (BSARCC) has been recently described as a distinct neoplasm. Twenty-one cases from 12 institutions were analyzed using routine histology, immunohistochemistry, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Tumors were removed from 11 male and 10 female patients, whose age ranged from 53 to 79 years.

Hidradenoma Papilliferum: A Clinicopathologic Study of 264 Tumors From 261 Patients, With Emphasis on Mammary-Type Alterations.

Hidradenoma papilliferum (HP), also known as papillary hidradenoma, is the most common benign lesion of the female anogenital area derived from anogenital mammary-like glands (AGMLG). HP can be viewed conceptually as the cutaneous counterpart of mammary intraductal papilloma. The authors have studied 264 cases of HP, detailing various changes in the tumor and adjacent AGMLG, with emphasis on mammary-type alterations.

Superficial soft tissue biphasic synovial sarcoma with apocrine differentiation in the glandular component: a report of two cases.

: The authors present 2 cases of a subcutaneous biphasic synovial sarcoma with marked apocrine differentiation that potentially may be confused with cutaneous epithelial neoplasms, including malignant apocrine mixed tumor or metaplastic carcinoma with an apocrine glandular component. Microscopically, both neoplasms had a biphasic architecture with the epithelial and spindle cell components. The epithelial component was prominent and consisted of simple glands with round lumina and complex glandular structures with intraluminal bridges forming cribriform areas.

Mature cystic teratoma of the ovary with male accessory sexual glands including seminal vesicles, prostatic tissue, and bulbo-urethral glands: a case report.

We present an extremely rare case of a benign cystic ovarian teratoma with structures of male accessory sexual glands. The patient was a 30-year-old woman. A unilocular cystic tumor, measuring 5 cm in the largest diameter, was found in her right ovary and was removed.

Cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma of the uterus with intravascular growth: report of two cases.

We present two cases of cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma of the uterus with intravascular involvement, which occurred in women aged 73 and 48 years. Grossly and microscopically, both neoplasms had an extrauterine cotyledonoid part and intrauterine dissecting fascicles of disorganized, swirled neoplastic smooth muscle with hydropic degeneration and foci of an intravascular growth (the latter was identified histologically). To our knowledge, the intravascular component of such a neoplasm is a very rare feature that has previously been described only in three cases in the literature.

Benign schwannoma with perineurioma-like areas: A clinicopathologic study of 11 cases.

Eleven schwannomas are described. All tumors were well demarcated and surrounded by a true capsule or pseudocapsule and manifested Antoni A and Antoni B areas, Verocay bodies, and hyalinized vessels. In addition to typical schwannoma, there were clear cell areas composed of spindled cells arranged either in parallel sheets or in loops within the myxoid matrix, morphologically identical to retiform (reticular) perineurioma.

Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (mixed connective tissue variant): a case report with spectral analysis.

We present a further case of a rare mesenchymal neoplasm termed phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (mixed connective tissue variant). The patient was a 42-year-old man with a long history of osteomalacia of unknown etiology with pathological bone fracture, abnormality of parathyroid glands, kyphosis, scoliosis, and spondylosis. Laboratory investigation disclosed hypophosphatemia, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and normal serum calcium level.