-ROS-POD- System under Different Xylogenesis Scenarios in Karelian Birch Roth var. carelica (Mercl.) Hämet-Ahti).

Background: We studied which regulated superoxide radical / hydrogen peroxide ratio together with peroxidase (POD) activity and genes expression under different ways of apical meristem development during the xylem structural elements' formation in unique woody plants var. pendula with straight-grained wood and var. carelica with figured wood.

Estimation of scots pine cytogenetic parameters under the conditions of industrial air pollution in European boreal forests.

Cytogenetic studies of Pinus sylvestris seed progeny have been carried out for the first time in the Murmansk region of Russia. Seeds were collected in the territory of 6 district forestries: Zelenoborsky, Kovdorsky, Kandalakshsky, Zasheikovsky, Umbsky and Nickelsky, which were at different distances from large copper-nickel plants. Analysis revealed higher S, Cu, and Ni content in Pinus sylvestris tree seeds from the Zasheikovsky and Nickelsky district forestries.

Biochemical Aspects of the Spiral Grain Formation in Scots Pine ( L.) Wood. Some Differences and Similarities with Biochemical Indicators of Abnormal Xylogenesis in Karelian Birch ( Roth Var. (Mercl.) Hämet-Ahti).

Background: AOS enzymes can be biochemical indicators of abnormal xylogenesis in Scots pine, and this mechanism has similar features with the metabolic base of abnormal xylogenesis in Karelian birch.

Objective: AOS enzymes' activity in 150-300-year-old L. wood with straight-- grained wood and right-twisted spiral-grained wood, expressed in varying degrees (5-20 angle), grew in three sample plots in lingonberry and blueberry pine forest stands of different ages (100-300 years) in the middle taiga subzone in the Republic of Karelia.

An Indicating Role of Antioxidant System Enzymes at the Stage of Active Structural Anomalies Formation in Karelian Birch ( Roth var. (Mercl.) Hämet-Ahti).

Introduction: A complex study of the antioxidant system enzymes (AOS) is an important subject of biochemical research; changes in the activity of these enzymes can be used as a biochemical marker of various processes in plants. At the same time, practically little attention has been paid to describing the regularities of these enzymatic reactions in different wood formation processes, such as xylogenesis. This article discusses the outcomes of different behaviors of AOS enzymes, which are involved in both the redistribution of the ROS balance and phenolic compounds at the early stages of wood formation in young plants of silver birch ( Roth) with straight-grained wood and Karelian birch (Betula pendula Roth var.

Identification and Expression Profile of Genes in Adult Trees L. Trunk Tissues during Cambial Activity.

WUSCHEL (WUS)-related homeobox (WOX) protein family members play important roles in the maintenance and proliferation of the stem cells in the cambium, the lateral meristem that forms all the wood structural elements. Most studies have examined the function of these genes in angiosperms, and very little was known about coniferous trees. Pine is one of the most critical forest-forming conifers globally, and in this research, we studied the distribution of , , and genes expression in L.

Plant-Programmed Cell Death-Associated Genes Participation in L. Trunk Tissue Formation.

Molecular genetic markers of various PCD (programmed cell death) variants during xylo- and phloemogenesis have been identified for the first time in Scots pine under lingonberry pine forest conditions in Northwest Russia (middle taiga subzone). PCD is a genetically determined process. Gene profiles of serine and cysteine proteases (endopeptidases), endonucleases, and metacaspases families are often considered markers of the final xylogenesis stage.

Changes in the Activity of the Signaling Pathway in the Birch Cambial Zone under Different Xylogenesis Patterns.

The balance between cell proliferation and differentiation into other cell types is crucial for meristem indeterminacy, and both growth aspects are under genetic control. The peptide-receptor signaling module regulates the activity of the cambial stem cells and the differentiation of their derivatives, along with cytokinins and auxin. We identified the genes encoding the signaling module and the regulator of vascular cambium division and studied their expression during the period of cambial growth in the radial row: the conducting phloem/cambial zone and the differentiating xylem in two forms of , silver birch and Karelian birch.

Some Minor Characteristics of Spectrophotometric Determination of Antioxidant System and Phenolic Metabolism Enzyme Activity in Wood Plant Tissues of L.

Introduction: A comprehensive study of enzymes of the antioxidant system (AOS) and phenolic metabolism is an actual subject of biochemical research; changes in the activity of these enzymes can be used as a diagnostic sign. At the same time, practically little attention has been paid to describing the regularities of these enzymatic reactions. The article presents the chemical kinetics study of reactions catalyzed by superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in Scots pine trunk tissues (Pinus sylvestris L.

Molecular Genetic Characteristics of Different Scenarios of Xylogenesis on the Example of Two Forms of Silver Birch Differing in the Ratio of Structural Elements in the Xylem.

Silver birch ( Roth) is an economically important species in Northern Europe. The current research focused on the molecular background of different xylogenesis scenarios in the birch trunks. The study objects were two forms of silver birch, silver birch trees, and Karelian birch trees; the latter form is characterized by the formation of two types of wood, non-figured (straight-grained) and figured, respectively, while it is currently not clear which factors cause this difference.

Expression Analysis of Key Auxin Biosynthesis, Transport, and Metabolism Genes of with Special Emphasis on Figured Wood Formation in Karelian Birch.

Auxin status in woody plants is believed to be a critical factor for the quantity and quality of the wood formed. It has been previously demonstrated that figured wood formation in Karelian birch (Betula pendula Roth var. carelica (Merckl.