Involvement of Abscisic Acid in Transition of Pea ( L.) Seeds from Germination to Post-Germination Stages.

The transition from seed to seedling represents a critical developmental step in the life cycle of higher plants, dramatically affecting plant ontogenesis and stress tolerance. The release from dormancy to acquiring germination ability is defined by a balance of phytohormones, with the substantial contribution of abscisic acid (ABA), which inhibits germination. We studied the embryonic axis of L.

Seed-to-Seedling Transition in L.: A Transcriptomic Approach.

The seed-to-seedling transition is a crucial step in the plant life cycle. The transition occurs at the end of seed germination and corresponds to the initiation of embryonic root growth. To improve our understanding of how a seed transforms into a seedling, we germinated the L.

Flavonoid Biosynthesis Genes in L.: Methylation Patterns in -Regulatory Regions of the Duplicated and Genes.

Flavonoids are a diverse group of secondary plant metabolites that play an important role in the regulation of plant development and protection against stressors. The biosynthesis of flavonoids occurs through the activity of several enzymes, including chalcone isomerase (CHI) and flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H). A functional divergence between some copies of the structural and genes was previously shown in the allohexaploid bread wheat L.

Transition from Seeds to Seedlings: Hormonal and Epigenetic Aspects.

Transition from seed to seedling is one of the critical developmental steps, dramatically affecting plant growth and viability. Before plants enter the vegetative phase of their ontogenesis, massive rearrangements of signaling pathways and switching of gene expression programs are required. This results in suppression of the genes controlling seed maturation and activation of those involved in regulation of vegetative growth.

Structural and functional divergence of the Mpc1 genes in wheat and barley.

Background: The members of the Triticeae tribe are characterised by the presence of orthologous and homoeologous gene copies regulating flavonoid biosynthesis. Among transcription factors constituting a regulatory MBW complex, the greatest contribution to the regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway is invested by R2R3-Myb-type TFs. Differently expressed R2R3-Myb copies activate the synthesis of various classes of flavonoid compounds in different plant tissues.

Myc-like transcriptional factors in wheat: structural and functional organization of the subfamily I members.

Background: Myc-like regulatory factors carrying the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain belong to a large superfamily of transcriptional factors (TFs) present in all eukaryotic kingdoms. In plants, the representatives of this superfamily regulate diverse biological processes including growth and development as well as response to various stresses. As members of the regulatory MBW complexes, they participate in biosynthesis of flavonoids.

Duplicated and genes in barley genome.

Background: Anthocyanin compounds playing multiple biological functions can be synthesized in different parts of barley ( L.) plant. The diversity of anthocyanin molecules is related with branching the pathway to alternative ways in which dihydroflavonols may be modified either with the help of flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (3') or flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (3'5')-the cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases.

Identification and characterization of regulatory network components for anthocyanin synthesis in barley aleurone.

Background: Among natural populations, there are different colours of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The colour of barley grains is directly related to the accumulation of different pigments in the aleurone layer, pericarp and lemma.