Bleeding Complications of Anticoagulation Therapy in Clinical Practice-Epidemiology and Management: Review of the Literature.

Due to their very wide range of indications, anticoagulants are one of the most commonly used drug groups. Although these drugs are characterized by different mechanisms of action, the most common complication of their use is still bleeding episodes, the frequency of which depends largely on the clinical condition of the patient using such therapy. For this reason, to this day, the best method of preventing bleeding complications remains the assessment of bleeding risk using scales such as HAS-BLED.

Boldness, meanness and disinhibition as predictors of indirect/direct type of aggressive behavior in youth.

Objectives: Numerous studies show that a high level of psychopathic traits in youth is related to the propensity to use various types and forms of aggression. The presented study focuses on the relations between psychopathy and aggression, both indirect (relational) and direct in this age group. The triarchic model of psychopathy was used, according to which psychopathy is described as a configuration of boldness, meanness and disinhibition.

Badger as Ecosystem Engineer and Its Legal Status in Europe.

The European badger plays an important role as a natural factor shaping species diversity in forests. Its extensive setts can be used by many other animals as shelters. Soil perturbations in their setts support plant communities that differ from the matrix landscape.

Psychopathic traits, psychological resilience and coping with stress in socially maladjusted youth.

Objectives: The basic aim of the research was to analyze the associations between the traits of psychopathy in the triarchic model (boldness, meanness, disinhibition) and the level of psychological resilience and preferred style of coping with stress in the group of adolescents violating legal norms. The author assumes that the key symptoms in this relationship would be played by the symptoms of psychopathy included in the dimension of boldness.

Methods: The group of participants consisted of 111 girls and boys aged 16-18 years staying in youth correctional facilities.

Long Arm of Motorway-The Impact of Fenced Road on the Mortality of European Badgers.

We studied the impact of the new fenced and accident-safe motorway on the mortality of European badgers Meles meles on local roads in western Poland in 2010-2015. We monitored the badgers mortality on local roads of three categories: main roads, secondary roads and county roads. The study was conducted before and after the opening of the motorway in 2012.

Underground diversity: Uropodina mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) from European badger (Meles meles) nests.

Badgers can gather huge quantities of organic material to build their nests for winter time and to rear their cubs. Moreover, badger burrows (setts) are characterized by specific microclimate with quite stable temperature and humidity. Their fauna is poorly studied, especially in respect of saprobiontic Uropodina mites.

Reproduction success in European badgers, red foxes and raccoon dogs in relation to sett cohabitation.

The setts of the European badger Meles meles can be cohabited during reproductive season by the red fox Vulpes vulpes and raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides. There is no information on the possible impact of both species on the size of badgers' litter. The aim of the study was to show the influence of cohabitation of the same setts by badger, raccoon dog and fox on the litter size.

Badgers as a potential source of bovine tuberculosis - first studies in Poland.

Since 2009, Poland has been recognized as a country officially free of bovine tuberculosis (BTB). However, new outbreaks are each year quoted. In many countries it has been shown that badgers () are a vector of () and a source of bovine tuberculosis for many domestical species, mainly for cattle.

Basic Parameters of Blood Count, Serum Sodium, and Creatinine as Prognostic Factors for Renal Cell Carcinoma at Five-Year Follow-Up.

BACKGROUND Several nomograms were developed for predicting the potential recurrence and cancer death risk in renal cell carcinoma patients. The combination of TNM classification and appropriately selected clinical classifiers allows for the creation of simple and effective risk calculators. MATERIAL AND METHODS There were 230 patients with renal cell cancer enrolled in this study.

Aggressiveness and the intensity of psychopathic symptoms - gender differences.

Objectives: The analysis of the recent international reports in the literature on psychopathy has proved irrefutablythat there is a necessity for the in-depth studies on psychopathy among the female sentenced offenders. Although there is no disagreement among the researchers on the 'male' form of this disorder, there are still very few gender comparative studies. The aim of this project was to investigate the relationship between the intensity of particular psychopathic features and aggressive tendencies in a group of female and male inmates.

Application of Pneumatic Lithotripter and Holmium Laser in the Treatment of Ureteral Stones and Kidney Stones in Children.

Treatment options for urolithiasis in children include URSL and RIRS. Various types of energy are used in the disintegration of deposits in these procedures. We decided to evaluate the usefulness of URSL and RIRS techniques and compare the effectiveness of pneumatic lithotripters and holmium lasers in the child population based on our experience.

Basic Parameters of Blood Count as Prognostic Factors for Renal Cell Carcinoma.

. Renal cell carcinoma is the most common type of kidney cancer. Taking account of morbidity and mortality increase, it is evident that searching for independent prognostic factors is needed.

Estimation of the relationship between the polymorphisms of selected genes: ACE, AGTR1, TGFβ1 and GNB3 with the occurrence of primary vesicoureteral reflux.

Purpose: Etiopathogenesis of VUR is composite and not fully understood. Many data indicate the importance of genetic predisposition. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship of selected polymorphisms: 14094 polymorphism of the ACE, polymorphism rs1800469 of TGFβ-1, rs5443 gene polymorphism of the GNB3 and receptor gene polymorphism rs5186 type 1 AGTR1 with the occurrence of the primary vesicoureteral reflux.

Sacrocolpopexy with polypropylene tape as valuable surgical modification during cystectomy with orthotopic ileal bladder: functional results.

Introduction. Urinary diversion is very often associated with urinary retention and urinary incontinence. In this study, a surgical modification during cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder is presented.

Tension-free vaginal tape, transobturator tape, and own modification of transobturator tape in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence: comparative analysis.

Introduction: This study is a comparative evaluation of the TVT, TOT, and our own modification of TOT (mTOT) in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence from a single center experience.

Material And Methods: The study was conducted on 527 patients with SUI diagnosed on the basis of urodynamic studies. They were divided into three groups--TVT: n=142, (TOT): n=129, and mTOT: n=256.

NSS for an RCC in a patient with renal insufficiency after heart transplant because of right ventricular tumor.

The effect of the immunosuppressive therapy on the development of neoplasms has become the object of an ever increasing interest for clinicians all over the world. The literature on neoplasms development in the course of therapy following transplants has confirmed a considerable increase in the incidence of neoplasms of the skin and lymph nodes. Organ neoplasms developing in patients after transplants are characterized by increased progression, poor cellular diversification and a more unfavorable prognosis than in the general population The aim of the study is to present the case of a nephron-sparing surgery of a renal tumor (NSS) without any intraoperative ischaemia in a 55-year-old female patient with an orthotopic heart transplant and renal insufficiency following a prolonged immune suppression.

Gangrene of the penis, scrotum, and perineum, occurred after radiotherapy of rectal cancer.

We present a case of a 58-year-old man hospitalized because of gangrene of the penis and scrotum, after radiochemotherapy for rectal cancer. At the time of the admission the patient presented with extensive gangrene with necrosis affecting the scrotum and the penis. During the first day of hospitalization the patient was operated.

A randomized controlled study to analyze the safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and retrograde intrarenal surgery in the management of renal stones more than 2 cm in diameter.

Objective: The gold standard for removal of renal stones more than 2 cm in diameter is percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL). Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) has become more and more fashionable because of its high safety and repeatability, especially in smaller stones. Many retrospective studies have proved its efficacy and safety in larger calculi, however.