Residues of veterinary antibiotics in solid natural and organic fertilizers-method development and sample analysis.

Livestock excrement is used around the world as natural fertilizers or, after processing, as organic fertilizers for crops and grasslands. But due to the presence of veterinary antibiotics in them, they may pose a threat not only to the natural environment, mainly to soil microorganisms, but also to human and animal health. This article describes a method for detecting 21 antibacterial substances in solid natural and organic fertilizers.

The Identification and Quantification of 21 Antibacterial Substances by LC-MS/MS in Natural and Organic Liquid Fertilizer Samples.

Antibiotics in animal production are widely used around the world for therapeutic and preventive purposes, and in some countries, they still serve as antibiotic growth stimulants. Regardless of the purpose of using antibiotics in livestock, they may be present in animal tissues and organs as well as in body fluids and excretions (feces and urine). Farm animal excrement in unprocessed form (natural fertilizers) or processed form (organic fertilizers) is applied to agricultural fields because it improves soil fertility.

Simultaneous determination of sulfonamides, trimethoprim, amoxicillin and tylosin in medicated feed by high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry.

Introduction: The article presents a rapid and simple analytical procedure for determination of four sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine and sulfamethoxazole), trimethoprim, tylosin and amoxicillin in animal medicated feed.

Material And Methods: Eighteen medicated feed samples were analysed for active substances. The analytical protocol used a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.

Development, in-house validation and application of a method using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) for the quantification of 12 ergot alkaloids in compound feeds.

Introduction: Ergot alkaloids (EAs) are toxic substances naturally produced by fungi. These fungi infest a wide range of cereals and grasses. When domestic animals are exposed to EAs through contaminated feeds, it is detrimental to them and leads to significant economic losses.

Insect Meals and Insect Antimicrobial Peptides as an Alternative for Antibiotics and Growth Promoters in Livestock Production.

The extensive use of antibiotics in animal production has led to the development of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and the search for alternative antimicrobial agents in animal production. One such compound may be antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are characterized by, among others, a wide range of biocidal activity. According to scientific data, insects produce the largest number of antimicrobial peptides, and the changing EU legislation has allowed processed animal protein derived from insects to be used in feed for farm animals, which, in addition to a protein supplement, may prove to be an alternative to antibiotics and antibiotic growth promoters due to their documented beneficial impact on livestock health.

-Opportunistic Foodborne Pathogen, Its Diversity and Epidemiological Significance.

The species is associated with various environments, such as soils, sewage, and food. However, it is also a component of the gastrointestinal (GI) microflora (i.e.

Potential Risk of Botulinum Neurotoxin -producing Clostridia Occurrence in Canned Fish.

Introduction: Heat treatment is indispensable in fish canning to provide an acceptable shelf life. Its optimisation reduces the risk of the presence of spores, which could potentially cause botulism cases. This study evaluated canned fish samples for botulism neurotoxin (BoNT)-producing clostridia contamination and can bulging through microbiological contaminant growth.

Prevalence of veterinary antibiotics in natural and organic fertilizers from animal food production and assessment of their potential ecological risk.

Background: Veterinary antibiotics are emerging contaminants and enter into soil principally by agricultural application of organic fertilizers. This article presents the results of the research obtained for the analyzed 70 samples of fertilizers (pig and poultry manure and slurry and digestate) for various classes of antibiotics.

Results: Doxycycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, lincomycin, tiamulin and enrofloxacin were found in tested samples.

Laboratory Experience with the Microscopic Method for the Detection of Insects in Poultry Feeds.

Introduction: The use of insects and their processed animal proteins (PAPs) for animal nutrition creates the need for research into methods useful for routine surveillance for their presence. The aim of this study was to evaluate a modified microscopic method for the detection of particles of insects in poultry feed.

Material And Methods: A total of 90 samples including PAP of insects ( and ), poultry feeds produced with different levels (0-27%) of insect PAP content, and other poultry feeds spiked with insect PAP at 1% were investigated using a modified microscopic method with a double sedimentation protocol.

Development and application of criteria for classification of hydrolysed proteins in the framework of feed safety.

In the view of a circular economy, there is an increasing need for (re-)using animal by-products that have a wide range of applications and sufficient safety. Hydrolysates of animal proteins (HPs) are frequently used as feed ingredients. Nevertheless, clear criteria for legal use and methods for monitoring feed applications are not available.

Animal Botulism in Poland - Laboratory and Epidemiological Investigations.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to present cases of botulism in animals found in Poland in 2019-2021. The analytical laboratory diagnosis and difficulties that occurred in the interpretation of the results are described.

Material And Methods: From 2019 to 2021, samples of serum, intestinal content, liver, spleen, kidney, faeces, wet feed, dry feed, ensilage, water and mixed samples of internal organs associated with 10 suspected animal botulism cases were sent to the National Veterinary Research Institute.

Simultaneous Determination of Pyrrolizidine and Tropane Alkaloids in Honey by Liquid Chromatography-mass Spectrometry.

Introduction: Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and tropane alkaloids (TAs) are natural contaminants of honey and respectively hepatoxic and neurotoxic compounds. Because honey is a popular constituent of the human diet, it is relevant to warrant the safety of the product. For that reason, a method for simultaneous determination of PAs and TAs in honey based on liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry was developed.

Probiotic Potential of spp.-Advantages and Doubts.

spp. is a large genus of obligate anaerobes and is an extremely heterogeneous group of bacteria that can be classified into 19 clusters. Genetic analyses based on the next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and metagenome analyses conducted on human feces, mucosal biopsies, and luminal content have shown that the three main groups of strict extremophile anaerobes present in the intestines are cluster IV (also known as the group), cluster XIVa (also known as the group) and .

Enterococci-Involvement in Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Potential in Cancer Treatment: A Mini-Review.

spp. are Gram-positive, heterogeneous lactic acid bacteria inhabiting various environments. Several species of Enterococci are considered to be able to stimulate the immune system and play an important role in intestinal homeostasis.

HPLC-FLD-Based Method for the Detection of Sulfonamides in Organic Fertilizers Collected from Poland.

Antibacterial substances such as sulfonamides are widely used in veterinary medicine to treat many bacterial diseases. After their administration to animals, up to 90% of the initial dose of the antibiotic is excreted in the feces and/or urine, which can be applied to farmland as natural or organic fertilizers. In this work, an analytical method was developed with the use of HPLC-FLD for the detection and quantification of five sulfonamides (sulfaguanidine, sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulamethazine and sulfamethoxazol) in poultry and pig feces, slurry and digestates.

Scopolamine and atropine in feeds - determination with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.

Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are naturally occurring plant toxins. Due to the fact that TA-producing plants can enter the food chain, they pose a risk for animals and human health. Therefore, sensitive analytical methods need to be developed to provide an adequate safety of feed and food.

Botulinum toxin in cancer therapy-current perspectives and limitations.

Different serotypes of botulinum toxins (BoNTs) act upon different types of SNARE proteins. This property is used in aesthetic medicine to treat certain eye disorders such as crossed eyes (strabismus) and uncontrolled blinking (blepharospasm), to treat muscle spasms or movement disorders, and, for the two last decades, more and more often, to provide support in cancer therapy, especially so as to obtain analgesic effects upon spastic conditions. The limited literature data also suggests that the addition of BoNTs to the culture of cancer cell lines reduces cell growth, and mitotic activity, and promotes their apoptosis.

Application of Micellar Mobile Phase for Quantification of Sulfonamides in Medicated Feeds by HPLC-DAD.

Rapid chromatographic procedure for quantification of five sulfonamides in medicated feeds are proposed. Satisfactory separation of sulfonamides from medicated feeds was achieved using a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 µm particle size) with a micellar mobile phase consisting of 0.

Prevalence of Genetically Modified Soybean in Animal Feedingstuffs in Poland.

Introduction: Globally, genetically modified (GM) crops were grown on 191.7 million hectares in 2018, which were mostly sown with soybean, maize, cotton, oilseed rape, and rice. The most popular traits introduced through genetic modification include herbicide and pest insect resistance.

Analytical capabilities of micellar liquid chromatography and application to residue and contaminant analysis: A review.

Green chemistry is the use of chemistry to reduce or eliminate the use of generation of feedstocks, products, by-products, solvents, reagents, etc. that are hazardous to human health or the environment. One of the branches of green chemistry is micellar liquid chromatography.

Potential Determinants of Spp. Occurrence in Polish Silage.

Introduction: Silage quality deteriorates with spp. contamination, and if consumed, such silage jeopardises herd health and productivity. Minimising its occurrence reduces economic and animal welfare risks.

In-house Validation Method for Quantification of Amoxicillin in Medicated Feedingstuffs with the Use of HPLC-DAD Technique.

Introduction: A high-performance liquid chromatographic-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method for the determination of amoxicillin in medicated feedingstuffs was developed and validated. The method was used to investigate the quality requirements of animal feedingstuffs (declared content of active substance and feed homogeneity).

Material And Methods: Two-gram samples were extracted by potassium phosphate buffer solution.

Quantification of Veterinary Antibiotics in Pig and Poultry Feces and Liquid Manure as a Non-Invasive Method to Monitor Antibiotic Usage in Livestock by Liquid Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry.

Antibiotics are active substances frequently used to treat and prevent diseases in animal husbandry, especially in swine and poultry farms. The use of manure as a fertilizer may lead to the dispersion of antibiotic residue into the environment and consequently the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Most pharmaceutical active ingredients are excreted after administration, in some cases up to 90% of the consumed dose can be found in the feces and/or urine as parent compound.

Identification and Quantification of Tylosin in Animal Feed by Liquid Chromatography Combined with Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry.

Introduction: The authorisation of tylosin as feed additive was withdrawn for reasons of human health concerning resistance of pathogenic bacteria. An analytical method for the identification and quantification of tylosin in animal feed was developed and validated.

Material And Methods: The samples were extracted using an acidified methanol:water mixture and solid-phase extraction was employed for the isolation of the antibiotic from diluted feed samples.

Contamination of Animal Feed with Undeclared Tetracyclines-Confirmatory Analysis by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry after Microbiological Plate Test.

The presence of tetracycline (TC) antibiotics was determined in animal feed that had been previously screened with a microbiological plate test. Feed samples were screened by a microbiological plate test on a pH 6.0 culture medium seeded with ATCC 11778 able to pre-reveal the presence of tetracyclines.