The Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Paediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis in Poland.

Background. Paediatric-onset MS (POMS) has a unique clinical profile compared to the more prevalent adult-onset MS. For this study, we aimed to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of POMS in Poland as well as addressing some of its epidemiological aspects.

COVID-19 Co-Infection May Promote Development of Sinusitis Complication in Children.

Background: The olfactory dysfunction that occurs during a COVID-19 infection has sparked much debate about its similarity to sinusitis. Up to 65% of COVID-19 pediatric patients may be asymptomatic; however, when symptoms are observed, fever and cough are the most common. Nasal congestion and discharge as well as headaches can also be seen, which makes both entities, i.

NMOSD-Diagnostic Dilemmas Leading towards Final Diagnosis.

(1) Background: The emergence of white matter lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) can lead to diagnostic dilemmas. They are a common radiological symptom and their patterns may overlap CNS or systemic diseases and provoke underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis. The aim of the study was to assess factors influencing the underdiagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) as well as to estimate NMOSD epidemiology in Lubelskie voivodeship, Poland.

Where words are powerless to express: Use of music in paediatric neurology.

Music is an art form that strongly affects people and can elicit many different emotions at the same time, including happiness, anxiety, sadness, and even ecstasy. What is it about music that causes such a strong reaction from each of us? Music engages many senses, which in turn can produce a multiplicity of responses and help create more extensive neuronal connections, as well as influence behaviour through structural and functional changes in the brain. Music-based interventions as a therapeutic tool in rehabilitation are becoming more common.

Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis in Poland: A registry-based retrospective cohort study.

Background: Epidemiologic data on pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) in Central and Eastern Europe are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, prevalence and the clinical features of POMS in Poland.

Methods: Registry-based retrospective study was conducted among Polish children population (age ≤ 18 years), between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2019.

Facial Diplegia-Complication or Manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection? A Case Report and Systemic Literature Review.

Since the outbreak of the new coronavirus, healthcare systems around the world have witnessed not only COVID-19 symptoms but also long-term complications of the aforementioned, including neurological problems. We report a clinical case of an adult patient with bilateral facial nerve palsy and progressive ascending paresis of the limbs after contracting the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Additionally, the systematic review aimed to identify and summarize specific clinical features, outcomes and complications of the studies focusing on bilateral facial diplegia as a sequela of COVID-19 infection.

Changes in tryptophan and kynurenine pathway metabolites in the blood of children treated with ketogenic diet for refractory epilepsy.

Purpose: There is growing evidence to support the role of the kynurenine pathway in the anticonvulsant efficacy of ketogenic diets (KDs) in refractory epilepsy. The aim of the present study was to measure blood levels of tryptophan (TRP) and its kynurenine derivatives and correlate them with seizure reduction after starting the KD in children with refractory epilepsy.

Methods: Sixteen children (9 F/7 M; 7.

[Development in the first year of life of newborns born prematurely - preliminary report].

WstĘp: Noworodki urodzone przed czasem stanowią blisko 7% wszystkich urodzonych dzieci i jednocześnie przybywa dzieci urodzonych jako ekstremalnie małe wcześniaki. W Parlamencie Europejskim już w roku 2011 priorytetowym celem zdrowotnym oznaczono problem wcześniactwa. Podkreśla się, że noworodki urodzone przedwcześnie wymagają długotrwałej opieki specjalistycznej.

Therapeutic use of carbohydrate-restricted diets in an autistic child; a case report of clinical and 18FDG PET findings.

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, adequate-protein, and low-carbohydrate diet that has been used successfully in the treatment of refractory epilepsies for almost 100 years. There has been accumulating evidence to show that the KD may provide a therapeutic benefit in autism spectrum disorders, albeit by a yet-unknown mechanism. We report a case of a 6-year-old patient with high-functioning autism and subclinical epileptic discharges who responded poorly to several behavioural and psychopharmacological treatments.

Kynurenic Acid and Neuroprotective Activity of the Ketogenic Diet in the Eye.

Background: There is growing evidence of the involvement of the kynurenine metabolic pathway and the enhancement of kynurenic acid production in the neuroprotective effects of the ketogenic diet.

Objective: Here, we review evidence implicating kynurenic acid in the efficacy of ketogenic diet in eye diseases associated with neurodegeneration.

Findings: Ketogenic diet and ketone bodies that are elevated during exposure to the ketogenic diet each have a neuroprotective effect on retinal ganglion cells in a rat model of Nmethyl- D-aspartate induced neuronal damage.

[Evaluation of the effectiveness of add-on therapy with tiagabine and evaluation of cognitive functions after application of this therapy in patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy - an observational study (GABI-EPI)].

Objective: To assess the efficacy of add-on therapy with tiagabine and cognitive functions in patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, when used in everyday clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: The total number of 437 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy with focal seizures were observed; 436 patients were treated with tiagabine as add-on therapy at a dose of 5-50 mg per day. During the study a number visits were secheduled: Visit V0 - upon enrolment of tiagabine-treated patients into the observational study, visit V1 - four weeks after reaching the initial dose of tiagabine, visit V2 - four weeks after reaching the target dose of tiagabine.

Symptomatology and pathogenesis of different types of pain in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease of the central nervous system. It is characterized by disseminated foci of demyelination, which are responsible for the diverse clinical picture of MS. Pain is a frequent but underestimated symptom of multiple sclerosis.

Quality of life in Polish patients with multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: This study is a pilot evaluation of the quality of life (QoL) in Polish patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Material/methods: Data from 21 centers in Poland were collected from May 2008 to January 2009. QoL was assessed using the questionnaire Euro Quality of Life (EQ-5D), with Polish population norms.

[Headaches and multiple sclerosis].

The article discusses the possible association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and headache. MS has a broad range of neurological symptoms, but headache is not included among them. Research on the link between MS and headache focuses on primary headaches such as migraine, tension-type headache and cluster headache.

Impact of cladribine therapy on changes in circulating dendritic cell subsets, T cells and B cells in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Cladribine causes sustained reduction in peripheral T and B cell populations while sparing other immune cells. We determined two populations of dendritic cells (DCs): namely CD1c(+)/CD19(-) (myeloid DCs) and CD303(+)/CD123(+) (plasmacytoid DCs), CD19(+) B lymphocytes, CD3(+) T lymphocytes and CD4(+) or CD8(+) subpopulations in patients with multiple sclerosis after cladribine therapy.

Methods: We examined 50 patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SP MS) according to McDonalds et al.

Some markers of neuronal damage in cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients in relapse.

In this paper the performance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein biomarkers important for monitoring damage of brain astrocytes and neurons for MS is reviewed. We estimated neurofilament, tau and phospho-tau proteins, β-APP, Aβ, S-100B and neuron-specific enolase in CSF of MS patients during relapse. We noted elevation of neurofilament, tau and phospho-tau proteins, S-100B, neuron-specific enolase and c-terminal epitopes of β-APP; concomitantly decrease of Aβ was observed.

[Processes of free radical lipid peroxidation with a particular regard to the role of paraoxonase-1 in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis].

Oxidative stress is an imbalance between free radicals production and antioxidant defences. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) can attact and demage a variety of critical biological molecules, including lipids, essential cellular proteins and DNA and may be exert in pathogenesis of many disorders. Products of lipid peroxidation can be easily reliably detected in biological fluids and tissues, yielding sensitive and specific signals of lipid peroxidation occurred in vivo.

Selected aspects of the epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Poland - a multicentre pilot study.

Background And Purpose: The aim was to conduct a pilot study of selected epidemiological aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Poland.

Material And Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected in 21 centres providing MS treatment. The demographic profile of the patients, medical history of MS, disability status, comorbidity, and diagnostic and treatment modalities were analysed.

Free radical peroxidation products in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with multiple sclerosis after glucocorticoid therapy.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were found to have elevated thiobarbituric acid reactive material levels, increased soluble sulfhydryl groups and reduced protein sulfhydryl groups in cerebrospinal fluid and serum, and slightly reduced superoxide dismutase in serum, which suggested disease activating free radical peroxidation. Moreover, levels of these varied across methylprednisolone (MP) therapy. We observed significant differences in the levels of peroxidation products between MS patients and controls.

Impact of cladribine on soluble adhesion molecules in multiple sclerosis.

Background: Soluble forms of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-Selectin play a role in the regulation of blood-brain barrier damage and represent markers of the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS) and magnetic resonance imaging activity. We determined sICAM, sVCAM and sE-Selectin concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of patients with remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis before and after cladribine treatment as well as in a control group.

Methods: We examined 17 patients diagnosed according to McDonald's criteria.

B-type natriuretic peptide as a marker of subclinical heart injury during mitoxantrone therapy in MS patients--preliminary study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma level changes of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), biochemical marker of heart failure, and echocardiographic parameters during mitoxantrone treatment in 22 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients (8 males, 14 females, mean age 37.1+/-6.6).

[Fatigue in multiple sclerosis].

Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) and is associated with reduced quality of life. The fatigue syndrome is characterized by uncontrollable apathy, exhaustion, fatigability and lack of energy. The mechanisms underlying fatigue in MS are still poorly understood but studies suggest that immune and neuroendocrine factors may play a causative role in the development of fatigue.

Changes in circulating dendritic cells and B-cells in patients with multiple sclerosis relapse during corticosteroid therapy.

We studied dendritic, myeloid (mDCs) (BDCA1+/CD19-) and plasmacytoid cells (pDCs) (BDCA2+/CD123+) and B-cells (CD19+) at relapse, after short intravenous methyloprednisolone therapy and 30 days after treatment completion (remission period) and results were compared with a control group of healthy volunteers. We confirmed the decrease in BDCA2+/CD123+ after therapy (p=0.00006) and then an increase (p=0.

[Validation of selected aspects of psychometry of the Polish version of the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale 29 (MSIS-29)].

Background And Purpose: Because of the small number of self-reported measures of disease impact on the quality of patients' life used in Poland and specific for multiple sclerosis (MS), the aim of the study was to validate selected aspects of psychometry of the Polish adaptation of the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale 29, MSIS-29.

Material And Methods: MSIS-29 was first published by Hobart and Thompson in 2001, and consists of 29 questions, the first 20 of which address the physical impact component and 9 assess the psychological impact. The higher the score, the worse is the impact of the disease on quality of patient's life.