The Impact of Chronic Heart Failure on Retinal Vessel Density Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Children with Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

(1) Introduction: The aim of this study is to assess retinal vessel density (VD) in the superficial capillary plexus layer (SP) and deep capillary plexus layer (DP) in children with chronic heart failure (CHF) in the course of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). (2) Methods: Thirty children with CHF due to DCM lasting more than six months, with an enlarged left ventricle and impaired left ventricular systolic function (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 55%), were enrolled to have both their eyes assessed for this study. Mean age of the children was 9.

Choroidal thickness changes in children with chronic heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate choroidal thickness (CTh) in children with chronic heart failure (CHF) secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to compare their values to those of healthy children.

Methods: Sixty eyes of thirty children (mean age 9.9 ± 3.

Coexistence of bilateral macular edema and pale optic disc in the patient with Cohen syndrome.

Background: Cohen syndrome (Q87.8;ORPHA:193; OMIM#216550) is an autosomal recessive inherited genetic disorder caused by mutation in the gene. It is characterized by variable clinical symptoms such as deformity of the head, face, hands and feet, eye abnormalities, abdominal obesity, neutropenia and nonprogressive intellectual disability.

Investigating Ganglion Cell Complex Thickness in Children with Chronic Heart Failure due to Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

Purpose: To assess ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in children with chronic heart failure (CHF) due to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: Sixty eyes of 30 patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) due to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and 60 eyes of 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (control group) were enrolled. The mean age of the patients and controls was 9.

[Clinical ocular manifestation of Patau's syndrom (trisomy 13)--own observations].

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to present the clinical abnormalities of Patau's syndrome (trisomy13).

Material And Methods: Examination was performed on 18 months old girl with trisomy13 in which we noted characteristic malformations in ocular system. The patient underwent cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation in right eye.

[Ocular findings in Nijmegen breakage syndrome].

Unlabelled: Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome (NBS) is a genomic instability disease caused by inherited mutations in the NBN/NBS1 gene. The clinical symptoms of NBS are: primary microcephaly, characteristic facial appearance, recurring respiratory tract infections caused by immune deficiency and extremely high risk of cancer development at early age.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the vision organ in patients with NBS.

[Posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation with one-point scleral fixation in children in long time observation].

Material And Methods: The study included 31 eyes in 31 children in age between 4 and 12 years. One - point suture fixation of PC IOL to the sclera was performed primary, because of partial loss of the posterior capsule support. Poly-propylene suture 10-0 was used for IOL fixation.

[Subluxation of scleral-fixated PC IOL caused by polypropylene suture degradation--case report].

The purpose of the study is to evaluate factors related to late-onset of lens subluxation in transscleral sutured posterior chamber IOL. We report a child, which required surgical treatment for dislocation of a scleral-sutured PC IOL. 11 years earlier the secondary lens implantation with scleral fixation was performed in 4 years old boy.

[Intraocular lens implantation in developmental lens disorders in children].

The pediatric cataract surgery in eyes with developmental disorders, stay with still considerable challenge. At children, the lasting vision development extorts necessity quick settlement of refraction defect formed after operation. The intraocular lens old boy with cataract in microspherophakia and 12 years old boy with cataract in lens with coloboma.

Orbital tumor as an initial manifestation of Wegener's granulomatosis in children: a series of four cases.

Background: Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a rare idiopathic disease in which small and medium-sized arteries are affected by necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. It is associated with a triad of pulmonary (cavitating granulomatous lesions with hemoptysis, cough, and dyspnea), renal (glomerulonephritis with hematuria, proteinuria), and head (otitis media, recurrent sinusitis, eye or orbital involvement) manifestations.

Case Report: Four children aged 7-11 years diagnosed with WG between 1995-2008 initially presented with unilateral proptosis and ptosis due to orbital tumor.

Pupillary block glaucoma in child with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreus--case report.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present the case of a patient with PHPV, in whom the complication in a form of pupillary block glaucoma was observed as a result of idiopathic and complete lens dislocation into the anterior chamber.

Material And Methods: Examination was performed on 3 months old boy with grey pupilla reflex, noted from the birth, in the right eye. Microphthalmia, subcapsular cataract and anterior-posterior form of PHPV was found in that eye.

[Ocular changes in course of Mycohacterium tuberculosis infection--own observations].

Ocular tuberculosis occurs rarely and causes many diagnostic difficulties. The aim of this paper is to provide an analysis of diagnostic problems of ocular changes as a consequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children. Between 2006 and 2007 there were 7 children at the age 8 to 16 years old, treated in Ophthalmic Department.

[Morphology of secondary cataract membrane in child post congenital cataract surgery--case report].

In younger children it is advantageous to perform cataract surgery with posterior capsulectomy and anterior vitrectomy to prevent secondary cataract formation. In many cases after surgery lens epithelial cells grow on the posterior lens capsule, and on the anterior surface of the vitreous. Authors report a case of secondary cataract in 6 years old girl post pars plana lensectomy and anterior vitrectomy in both eyes.

[Secondary intraocular lens implantation in children].

Purpose: We describe a technique for secondary intraocular lens implantation in the ciliary sulcus in patients with congenital cataract or with primary aphakia.

Material And Methods: Secondary intraocular lens implantation was performed in 119 eyes of 74 children. The average age at this procedure was 6.

[Spontaneous bilateral posterior capsule rupture in child--case report].

Isolated posterior capsule rupture without penetrating injury has rarely been reported. Posterior capsule tears can be preexisting, spontaneous or intrasurgical. Authors report a case of progressing bilateral cataract in 3 months old boy, caused by posterior capsule rupture.

[Transsclerally fixated intraocular artificial lenses in children--analysis of long-term postoperative complications].

Purpose: To report the long-term surgical complications of transscleral sutured intraocular lens implantation in children.

Material And Methods: Surgical procedure was performed in 10 children (17 eyes) with ectopia lentis, and in 16 children (21 eyes) with aphakia between July 1995 and December 1998. The mean age of implantation was 8.

[Modern methods of cataract surgery in children].

Cataract continues to be one of the most important causes of blindness in children in spite of the fact that surgical treatment prevents visual disturbances. Management of cataract in infants and very young children is more complex than treatment in adults. The choice of appropriate timing of surgery, modern surgical technique, appropriate methods of paediatric aphakic rehabilitation, and management of the general disorder which may cause the cataract are of utmost importance for good visual results in children.

[Cataract in children--not only an ophthalmological problem].

Cataract is an opacity of the lens that leads to loss of vision and even blindness. It is responsible for 10.7-14% of the children who are blind.

[Analysis of the changes in the causes of blindness and significant vision loss among children and young adults born between 1974 and 2004].

Introduction: Visual impairment develops serious medical, psychological, social and economical problems. Thus, of most importance is improvement in prophylaxis, early diagnosis and treatment. THE AIM of this paper is to define the reasons of blindness and significant loss of vision in children and youths in Poland, and changes in them among children and youths under the age of 24, born between 1974-2004, with classification by age.

[Evaluation of the results of treatment orbital rhabdomyosarcoma in children].

Purpose: To estimate the state of the vision organ in the children treated for orbital rhabdomyosarcoma. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common primary malignant orbital tumor in children. RMS usually manifest clinically as rapidly progressive exophthalmus and displacement of the globe.

[Influence of intraoperative complication on intraocular rigid lens fixation in pediatric cataract surgery].

Purpose: This paper presents the intraoperative complications in pediatric cataract surgery with IOL implantation and their influence on fixation place.

Material And Methods: 384 eyes of 276 children undergone operative procedure for cataract. Anterior capsulorhexis, lens cortical aspiration, primary posterior capsulorhexis with anterior vitrectomy and IOL implantation were done in all eyes.

[Evaluation of results of enucleations with orbital implant in children and adolescents].

Purpose: The aim of the research is the assessment of results of enucleation with orbital implant in children.

Material And Methods: Examinations included the group of 99 children between 6 months and 19 years of age. The examined group consisted of 39 boys (39.

[Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous--developmental anomaly of the eye in children].

Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreus in children continues to be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for ophthalmologists. It can occur in isolation, in association with other ocular disorders and rarely as a part of systemic disorder. Characteristic features include microphthalmic eye, white vascularized retrolental tissue with or without a persistent hyaloid artery, centrally dragged ciliary processes, an anteriorly shifted and (or) swollen lens, and varing degrees of lenticular opacification.

[Bilateral optic nerve sheath meningioma (ONSM) --diagnostic and therapeutic problems].

The authors describe the case of bilateral optic nerve sheath meningioma /ONSM/ in 14 years old girl. When being hospitalized at the Neurology Clinic with paresis n.VII, the patient was examined by ophthalmologist.

[Lens dislocation in children].

Ectopia lentis in children continues to be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for ophthalmologists. It can occur in isolation, in association with other ocular disorders or as part of systemic disorder. Marfan's syndrom and homocystinuria are the most frequent cause of heritable ectopia lentis.