Smoking status, the menopausal transition, and metabolic syndrome in women.

Objective: Data on the relationship between tobacco use and metabolic risk among women with regard to their menopause status are scarce. This study assessed the prevalence of metabolic disorders in relation to smoking status in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of 7,462 randomly selected women aged 20 to 74 years who are participating in the WOBASZ (Polish National Multicentre Health Survey) was carried out.

Commuting physical activity and prevalence of metabolic disorders in Poland.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between walking or cycling to work and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 6401 randomly selected individuals (3297 men and 3104 women) aged 20-74 years, who participated in the National Multicentre Health Survey WOBASZ, Poland (2002-2005). Commuting physical activity (PA) was assessed by asking about type and time spent on transportation to/from work using an interviewer-administered questionnaire.

[Arterial hypertension as a medical and social problem in the older urban population. The CINDI WHO Program study].

Increasing lifespan and progressive aging of the Polish population results in rising demands on health care. Chronic diseases with a leading position of arterial hypertension (HA) prevail in morbidity rates of adult seniors. The aim of the study is to characterize hypertension in the elderly with regard to other risk factors, complications and therapeutic control.

[Prevalence of healthy lifestyle in adult residents of Lódź and Lublin voivodeships--project WOBASZ].

Background: Recent epidemiologic studies have provided clear evidence of the substantial health benefits of following a healthy lifestyle. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of healthy lifestyle behaviors in the representative sample of adult inhabitants of two Polish counties (Lodz and Lublin voivodships).

Methods: We analyzed data from 1237 randomly selected persons (645 women, 592 men) aged 20-74 years participating in the National Health Survey in Poland - Project WOBASZ.

[The association between income, education, lifestyle and psychosocial stressor and obesity in elderly].

The authors collected data with Countrywide Integrated Noncommunicable Diseases Intervention Programme (CINDI Programme) questionnaire, in Lódź an industrial city of Poland. One of the purposes of CINDI Programme was to evaluate the impact of socioeconomic status, lifestyle and stress on health status in elderly. Obesity is a very important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), some pulmonary, neoplasmatic and motoric system diseases.

[Tobacco smoking by elderly people according to CINDI WHO research].

Unlabelled: The epidemiological research results show that quitting smoking tobacco by elderly people (> or = 65 year old) reduces the risk of cancer both for men and women and there is a substantial cardiovascular system improvement after a one-year-period. From the medical and economic point of view it is purposeful to explore the smoking model of this age group in relation to sociodemographic features as well as analyzing the factors that may motivate them to quit smoking. The research included a random test group of people aged 65 and more, living in Lódź Górna district.

The impact of income, education and health on lifestyle in a large urban population of Poland (Cindi programme).

Objectives: The objective of our study was to examine the impact of income, education chronic diseases and self-rated health on health behavior (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, diet) in a large urban population of Poland.

Materials And Methods: The data were collected in Lódź, a large industrial city of Poland, between 2001 and 2002, as a part of the Countrywide Integrated Noncommunicable Diseases Intervention Programme. The surveys were directed at random samples of the adult population (1837 men and women, aged 18-64 years).

[The impact of income and education on medicine consumption in a representative sample of Lodz inhabitants between the ages of 18-64 years].

Evaluation of medicine consumption and factors influencing it's level is an important element in estimation of health care system functionality. One of the purposes of CINDI Programme (Countrywide Integrated Noncommunicable Diseases Intervention Programme) conducted among the insured in Regional Health Authority in Lodz was to evaluate medicine consumption and factors influencing it's level. The study was conducted according to WHO standards set for CINDI Programme in 27 countries.

The association between income, education, control over life and health in a large urban population of Poland.

Objectives: The objective of our study was to examine the relation of income, education and control over life with health self-evaluation and chronic diseases, e.g., hypertension, back illness, hypercholesterolemia, gastritis, coronary heart disease, and diabetes.

How income and education contribute to risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the elderly in a former Communist country.

Objectives: Careful examination of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) may enable clinicians to develop a reasonably preventive programme among the elderly. The main purpose of this paper was to examine the effects of income and education on CVD risk factors in an elderly population who had lived most of their lives in Communist times.

Methods: The CINDI (Countrywide Integrated Non-communicable Diseases Intervention) Programme questionnaire was used to collect data from an elderly (65+ years) population in Lodz, a large industrial city in Poland.