Correction to: Nrf2 activation through the PI3K/GSK-3 axisprotects neuronal cells from Aβ-mediatedoxidative and metabolic damage.

After the publication of this article [1], we became aware that there were errors in Figs. 4 and 31.

Nrf2 activation through the PI3K/GSK-3 axis protects neuronal cells from Aβ-mediated oxidative and metabolic damage.

Background: Mounting evidence points to a crucial role of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disorder in which brain glucose hypometabolism, downregulation of central elements of phosphorylation pathways, reduced ATP levels, and enhanced oxidative damage coexist, and sometimes precede, synaptic alterations and clinical manifestations. Since the brain has limited energy storage capacity, mitochondria play essential roles in maintaining the high levels of energy demand, but, as major consumers of oxygen, these organelles are also the most important generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, it is not surprising that mitochondrial dysfunction is tightly linked to synaptic loss and AD pathophysiology.

Variations in intraocular lens injector dimensions and corneal incision architecture after cataract surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the differences in intraocular lens (IOL) injectors and to assess the effect of IOL insertion on injector tips and eyes after cataract surgery in a rabbit model.

Setting: Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.

Design: Experimental study.

A new, specular reflection-based, precorneal tear film stability measurement technique in a rabbit model: viscoelastic increases tear film stability.

Purpose: To develop a safe, noninvasive, noncontact, continuous in vivo method to measure the dehydration rate of the precorneal tear film and to compare the effectiveness of a viscoelastic agent in maintaining the precorneal tear film to that of a balanced salt solution.

Methods: Software was designed to analyze the corneal reflection produced by the operating microscope's coaxial illumination. The software characterized the shape of the reflection, which became distorted as the precorneal tear film evaporated; characterization was accomplished by fitting an ellipse to the reflection and measuring its projected surface area.

Differential contribution of isoaspartate post-translational modifications to the fibrillization and toxic properties of amyloid β and the Asn23 Iowa mutation.

Mutations within the Aβ (amyloid β) peptide, especially those clustered at residues 21-23, are linked to early-onset AD (Alzheimer's disease) and primarily associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy. The Iowa variant, a substitution of an aspartic acid residue for asparagine at position 23 (D23N), associates with widespread vascular amyloid and abundant diffuse pre-amyloid lesions significantly exceeding the incidence of mature plaques. Brain Iowa deposits consist primarily of a mixture of mutated and non-mutated Aβ species exhibiting partial aspartate isomerization at positions 1, 7 and 23.