In situ and in vitro impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Most established virulence genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp), e.g., thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh), tdh-related hemolysin (trh), and type three secretion system 2 (TTSS2), are on the chromosome 2 pathogenicity island, which also possesses numerous uncharacterized genes.