Dinosaur trackways from the Upper Cretaceous Nichkesai Formation near Mayluu Suu City, Southern Tien Shan Mountains, north-western Kyrgyzstan.

Trackways provide essential data on the biogeographic distribution, locomotion and behaviour of dinosaurs. Cretaceous dinosaur trackways are abundant in the Americas, Europe, North Africa and East Asia, but are less well documented in Central Asia despite extensive exposure of Cretaceous terrestrial sedimentary rocks in the region. Here we report the presence of bipedal, tridactyl dinosaur trackways near the city of Mayluu Suu, Jalal Abad Oblast, north-western Kyrgyzstan, the first discovery of dinosaur trace fossils within the country.

[Intestine morphology and microbiocenosis changes in critically ill patients in neurosurgery].

In recent years, the effect of critical conditions on intestine and the role of such changes in maintenance and progression of systemic disorders are of particular attention. This issue is relevant in critically ill neurosurgical patients too. Intestine morphology and microbiome changes in these patients represent a wide field for researches in intensive care and prevention of secondary damage to other organs and systems.

[Factors limiting nutritional support for patients in chronic critical illness].

Patients in chronic critical illness after brain injury may experience various conditions that limit nutritional support. of this work is to analyze the factors limiting or hindering the provision of nutritional support (in particular, enteral clinical nutrition) in patients in chronic critical illness after brain damage. .

On the Impact of Substrate Uniform Mechanical Tension on the Graphene Electronic Structure.

Employing density functional theory calculations, we obtain the possibility of fine-tuning the bandgap in graphene deposited on the hexagonal boron nitride and graphitic carbon nitride substrates. We found that the graphene sheet located on these substrates possesses the semiconducting gap, and uniform biaxial mechanical deformation could provide its smooth fitting. Moreover, mechanical tension offers the ability to control the Dirac velocity in deposited graphene.

[Prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with advanced burns].

Aim: To reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with advanced burns by developing a prophylactic algorithm.

Material And Methods: The study consisted of retrospective group of 488 patients with thermal burns grade II-III over 20% of body surface area and prospective group of 135 patients with a similar thermal trauma. Standard clinical and laboratory examination was applied.

[Use of the IntelliVent-ASV mode for maintaining the target EtCO2 range in patients with severe TBI].

Purpose: the study purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of the IntelliVent-ASV mode in maintaining the target range of PaCO2 in patients with severe TBI.

Material And Methods: The study included 12 severe TBI patients with the wakefulness level scored 4-9 (GCS). This was a crossover design study.

Paradoxical air embolism resulted in acute myocardial infarction and massive ischemic brain injury in a patient operated on in a sitting position.

Paradoxical air embolism (PAE) is a rare life-threatening complication when air emboli enter arteries of the systemic circulation and cause their occlusion. Here, we describe a clinical case of PAE developed during neurosurgery in a patient in the sitting position. PAE led to injuries to the cerebral blood vessels, coronary arteries, and lungs, which caused death of the patient.

MODERN ANTICEPTIC HYDROGEL IN TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS OF WOUNDS IN SURGERY.

Treatment and prevention of infectious complications remain the actual problems of surgery. Purulent complications very often arise in operative interventions with an application of various fixing devices. A study of the adhesive surgical antiseptic (ASA) «ARGAKOL» (Registration certificate № FS 012б2005/1878-05) was completed.

Optic nerve decompression in treatment of neoplasms involving optic canal.

Neoplasms extending to the optic canal is a diverse group of more than 15 histological types. Elimination of the optic nerve compression is crucial for favorable visual outcome. Material and method.

[Protein malnutrition in patient in the early postoperative period after uncomplicated removal of the brain tumors].

Malnutrition leads to adverse effects and may worsen clinical outcome. Surgery as a stress factor activates pathological reactions changing metabolism structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes of protein metabolism in patients after elective neurosurgical operation.

[First experience of using adaptive support ventilation (ASV) mode in patients with severe traumatic brain injury].

Capabilities and limitations of ASV mode in TBI patients are studied. 12 patients with severe TBI were enrolled in the study. ICP, MAP, CPP were monitored in all the patients.

[Using ASV mode for respiratory support withdrawal in patients after posterior fossa surgery].

The study gives data on how to improve the way from mechanical to spontaneous breathing in patients with weakened respiratory drive after posterior fossa tumor removal. We compared the effectiveness of two methods of weaning from mechanical ventilation in these patients. The main group consisted of 6 patients weaned from ventilator with ASV mode.

[The effect of silver sulfadiazine on Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated in burn units].

The genotype structure and silver sulfadiazine (SDS) resistance of a number of Acinetobacter baumanii strains that circulated for a prolonged period of time in burn UCUs were studied. The most resistant strain (SDS MIC 50 mcg/ml) contained a class 1 integron with the gene of sulfonamides resistance (sul1) in its genome. Possible reasons for selection of the multiple resistance among Acinetobacter spp.

[Genetic variety of Acinetobacter baumannii in an intensive care unit for burn patients].

The genetic structure of A. baumannii hospital isolates, formed in the course of 2002 - 2004 in an intensive care unit for burn patients (St. Petersburg) was studied.

[Clinical and immunological criteria of burn sepsis].

A hundred and twenty-nine victims aged 16 to 60 years who had skin burns in the area of 15 to 60% of the body surface without severe concomitant somatic disease (SAPS less than 9 scores). The clinical symptoms of a systemic inflammatory response (SIR) and the signs of wound infection were recorded in all the examinees. The victims underwent a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination, 55 of them were immunologically studied over time (on admission, on days 3 and 10).

[Changes in human burn fluid biological activity during normal burn healing].

The main goal of this work was monitoring the changes occurring in human burn fluid biological activity during normal burn healing. The fluid available in the burn until healing makes a good material for controlling biochemical microenvironment of burn cells. This environment involves factors, such as extracellular matrix proteins and matrix metalloproteinases.

[Diagnosis and intensive therapy of thermal and inhalation trauma].

The authors made an analysis of an experience with treatment of patients with a combined thermal inhalation injury in the Burn Center of the St. Petersburg Research Institute of emergency medical care named after I.I.

[Diagnosis, outcome prognosis and treatment strategy in inhalation trauma in patients with thermal injuries].

Sixty-seven therapeutic fibrobronchoscopies (FBS) were carried out in burnt patients with suspected inhalation injuries at Center for Burns at the Janelidze Institute of Emergency Care in 1996-1998. The severity of inhalation injury was assessed from the extent and severity of mucosal edema, spot hematomas and their type, erosions and ulcers, discharge, and ventilation obstruction. An original score is developed for evaluating the severity of inhalation injuries in burnt patients.

[Etiological structure and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium in war wound infection].

The paper presents data on clinico-microbiological investigation of gunshot and firemine wounds in 27 injured during the Afghan war at the stage of their qualified surgical treatment 2-5 days after the injury. The quantitative and qualitative compositions of Clostridium that caused the infection and their susceptibility to 20 antimicrobials were determined. It was shown that the main pathogen of the anaerobic infection at the prehospital stage was Clostridium perfringens as a monoculture or association with aerobic and obligate anaerobic microbes.

[The microflora of gunshot and explosive mine wounds in victims delayed for a long time at the prehospital stage].

The clinico-microbiological research of gunshot and mine-explosive injuries in wounded servicemen of Afghanistan army, arriving on stage of the qualified surgical care for 2-5 days after wound is lead. The quantitative and qualitative structure of wound microflora at modern combat trauma on a prehospital stage is determined. It was established, that main kinds of wound infectious complications in injuries are suppuration of wounds and clostridial infection.

[The characteristics of the course of suppurative complications of gunshot wounds in Afghanistan and the unresolved problems of their prevention and treatment].

The article describes the reasons and the frequency of purulent complications in gunshot wounds in Afghanistan. The authors stress the role of primary surgical management of wounds in the prophylaxis of wound infection, show the trends towards the improvement of the first aid and primary medical care. The article studies the efficiency of physical methods in the management of wounds, such as treatment by the pulsed stream of liquid, active drainage, treatment in regulated air environment.

[Autologous blood transfusion in surgical treatment of deep burns and their sequelae].

The experience of the treatment of 74 burned cases by means of autotransfusion is presented. The application of autotransfusion made it possible to rule out donor blood transfusions in surgical treatment of a considerable group of the burned. There are grounds to believe that different variants of this method will be widely practised in specialized medical installations dealing with the treatment of the burned and with reconstructive surgery.