Probiotic characteristics and survival of a multi-strain lactic acid bacteria consortium in simulated gut model.

Dahi, a traditional yet underexplored fermented milk product from Pakistan, harbors diverse lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that have potential as probiotics. These bacteria could be used for therapeutic purposes, beneficial modulation of gut microbiota, and in the formulation of functional foods and feeds. This study aimed to isolate and characterize probiotic LAB from dahi, assess their survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions, and evaluate their safety and probiotic potential, both phenotypically and genotypically.

Wild-Mouse-Derived Gut Microbiome Transplantation in Laboratory Mice Partly Alleviates House-Dust-Mite-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation.

Laboratory mice are instrumental for preclinical research but there are serious concerns that the use of a clean standardized environment for specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice results in poor bench-to-bedside translation due to their immature immune system. The aim of the present study was to test the importance of the gut microbiota in wild vs. SPF mice for evaluating host immune responses in a house-dust-mite-induced allergic airway inflammation model without the influence of pathogens.

Liraglutide and Colesevelam Change Serum and Fecal Bile Acid Levels in a Randomized Trial With Patients With Bile Acid Diarrhea.

Introduction: Both liraglutide and colesevelam improve bile acid diarrhea symptoms. Colesevelam binds excess amounts of diarrhea-causing bile acids in the colon, whereas the mode of action for liraglutide remains elusive. In this article, we examined the impact of colesevelam and liraglutide treatment on the concentrations of bile acids in serum and feces and the fecal microbiota composition to better understand the 2 drugs' modes of action.

Matching excellence: Oxford Nanopore Technologies' rise to parity with Pacific Biosciences in genome reconstruction of non-model bacterium with high G+C content.

The reconstruction of complete bacterial genomes is essential for microbial research, offering insights into genetic content, ontology and regulation. While Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) provides high-quality genomes, its cost remains a limitation. Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) offers long reads at a lower cost, yet its error rate raises scepticism.

A single-stranded based library preparation method for virome characterization.

Background: The gut virome is an integral component of the gut microbiome, playing a crucial role in maintaining gut health. However, accurately depicting the entire gut virome is challenging due to the inherent diversity of genome types (dsDNA, ssDNA, dsRNA, and ssRNA) and topologies (linear, circular, or fragments), with subsequently biases associated with current sequencing library preparation methods. To overcome these problems and improve reproducibility and comparability across studies, universal or standardized virome sequencing library construction methods are highly needed in the gut virome study.

Delayed Gut Colonization Changes Future Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Gene Expression but Not Adiposity in Obese Mice.

Objective: The importance of early microbial dysbiosis in later development of obesity and metabolic disorders has been a subject of debate. Here we tested cause and effect in mice.

Methods: Germ-free male Swiss Webster mice were colonized in a specific-pathogen-free (SPF) facility at 1 week (1W) and 3 weeks (3W) of age.

Gut microbiota patterns associated with duration of diarrhea in children under five years of age in Ethiopia.

Diarrhea claims >500,000 lives annually among children under five years of age in low- and middle-income countries. Mortality due to acute diarrhea (<7 days' duration) is decreasing, but prolonged (7-13 days) and persistent (≥14 days of duration) diarrhea remains a massive challenge. Here, we use a case-control study to decipher if fecal gut microbiota compositional differences between Ethiopian children with acute (n=554) or prolonged/persistent (n=95) diarrhea and frequency-matched non-diarrheal controls (n=663) are linked to diarrheal etiology.

Low-gainer diet-induced obese microbiota transplanted mice exhibit increased fighting.

Weight gain variation is a great challenge in diet-induced obesity studies since low-gainer animals are of limited experimental value. The inbred C57BL/6 (B6) mice are frequently used models due to their genetic homogeneity and susceptibility to diet-induced obesity (DIO). The aim of this study is to investigate if the gut microbiota (GM) influences the fraction of low weight gainers in DIO studies.

The importance of genetic counselling for turner syndrome transition.

The healthcare transition (HCT) is the process of planning, monitoring, and adjusting the clinical management from children's care to adult specialists. Although this practice is common for all children, it is especially crucial (and challenging) for those with chronic disorders and genetic conditions that also involve mental health issues, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. In this review, we aim to assess the current status of transition for girls and young women with Turner syndrome (TS) as a model as it is one of the most common sexual chromosomal aneuploidies.

Draft genome sequences of 53 and strains isolated from two undefined DL-starter cultures.

This study presents the complete genomes of 53 strains of and isolated from two undefined DL-starter cultures originating from Denmark, Tistrup, and P. The genomes were reconstructed using long-read, nanopore-based DNA sequencing, delivering comprehensive data set for comparative genomics and taxonomic classification, with potential utility in dairy fermentation processes.

Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Investigation of the Impact of Probiotic Consumption on Gut Microbiota Diversity and the Faecal Metabolome in Seniors.

Aging has been associated with a changed composition and function of the gut microbiota (GM). Here, we investigate the effects of the multi-strain probiotic HOWARU Restore on GM composition and function in seniors. Ninety-eight healthy adult volunteers aged ≥75 years were enrolled in a randomised, double-blinded intervention (NCT02207140), where they received HOWARU Restore (10 CFU) or the placebo daily for 24 weeks, with 45 volunteers from each group completing the intervention.

Cesarean section induced dysbiosis promotes type 2 immunity but not oxazolone-induced dermatitis in mice.

Delivery by cesarean section (CS) is associated with an altered gut microbiota (GM) colonization and a higher risk of later chronic inflammatory diseases. Studies investigating the association between CS and atopic dermatitis (AD) are contradictive and often biased by confounding factors. The aim of this study was therefore to provide experimental evidence for the association between CS and AD in a mouse model and clarify the role of the GM changes associated with CS.

Used Nasogastric Feeding Tubes from Neonates Contain Infant-Specific Bacterial Profiles.

Nasogastric feeding tubes (NG-tubes) from neonates contain potentially pathogenic bacteria. Using culture-based techniques, we have previously determined that the usage duration of NG-tubes did not impact the colonization of the nasogastric tubes. In the present study, we performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to evaluate the microbial profile of 94 used nasogastric tubes collected from a single neonatal intensive care unit.

Complete Genome Sequences of Three Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains Isolated from Traditional Iranian Raw Milk Motal Cheese.

The complete genome sequences, as determined by a combination of short- and long-read sequencing, of three Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains (M8, M17, and M19) that were isolated from Iranian motal cheese are reported. The genome sizes were estimated to be 3.3, 3.

Bacterial community development and diversity during the first year of production in a new salmon processing plant.

The bacterial diversity and load on equipment in food processing facilities is constantly influenced by raw material, water, air, and staff. Despite regular cleaning and disinfection, some bacteria may persist and thereby potentially compromise food quality and safety. Little is known about how bacterial communities in a new food processing facility gradually establish themselves.

abundance and salivary amylase gene copy number predict fat loss in response to wholegrain diets.

Background: Salivary amylase (AMY1) gene copy number (CN) and abundance in the gut are involved in carbohydrate digestion in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract, respectively; and have been suggested as prognostic biomarkers for weight loss among overweight individuals consuming diets rich in fiber and wholegrains.

Objective: We hypothesized that abundance would be linked to greater loss of body fat after wholegrain consumption among individuals with low AMY1 CN, but not in those with high AMY1 CN.

Methods: We reanalyzed data from two independent randomized wholegrain interventions (fiber intake ∼33 g/d for 6-8 weeks), to investigate the relationship between baseline abundance and body fat loss among healthy, overweight participants stratified into two groups by median AMY1 CN.

Controlling the uncontrolled variation in the diet induced obese mouse by microbiomic characterization.

Group sizes in an animal study are calculated from estimates on variation, effect, power and significance level. Much of the variation in glucose related parameters of the diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model is due to inter-individual variation in gut microbiota composition. In addition, standard tandem repeats (STRs) in the non-coding DNA shows that inbred mice are not always homogenic.

Effect of gluten-free diet and antibiotics on murine gut microbiota and immune response to tetanus vaccination.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of a gluten-free diet and/or antibiotics on tetanus vaccine induced immunoglobulin G titers and immune cell levels in BALB/c mice. The gluten-free diet was associated with a reduced anti-tetanus IgG response, and it increased the relative abundance of the anti-inflammatory Bifidobacterium significantly in some of the mice. Antibiotics also led to gut microbiota changes and lower initial vaccine titer.

Enterohepatic, Gluco-metabolic, and Gut Microbial Characterization of Individuals With Bile Acid Malabsorption.

Background And Aims: Bile acid malabsorption (BAM) is a debilitating disease characterized by loose stools and high stool frequency. The pathophysiology of BAM is not well-understood. We investigated postprandial enterohepatic and gluco-metabolic physiology, as well as gut microbiome composition and fecal bile acid content in patients with BAM.

Dietary proanthocyanidins promote localized antioxidant responses in porcine pulmonary and gastrointestinal tissues during Ascaris suum-induced type 2 inflammation.

Proanthocyanidins (PAC) are dietary polyphenols with putative anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. However, whether dietary PAC can regulate type-2 immune function and inflammation at mucosal surfaces remains unclear. Here, we investigated if diets supplemented with purified PAC modulated pulmonary and intestinal mucosal immune responses during infection with the helminth parasite Ascaris suum in pigs.

Gluten-free diet reduces autoimmune diabetes mellitus in mice across multiple generations in a microbiota-independent manner.

Experimental and clinical data suggest that a gluten-free diet attenuates the development of type 1 diabetes. A gluten-free diet changes the gut microbiota composition, and such microbial changes are expected to reduce the autoimmune responses. However, in experiments with laboratory mice, a gluten-free diet changes the gut microbiota differently under varying experimental settings, questioning the specific role of the gut microbes.