Untargeted, High-Resolution Metabolomics in Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

Background/objectives: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an inflammatory disease of unclear etiology. The aim of this study was to use untargeted plasma metabolomics to identify metabolic pathway alterations associated with EoE to better understand the pathophysiology.

Methods: This prospective, case-control study included 72 children, aged 1-17 years, undergoing clinically indicated upper endoscopy (14 diagnosed with EoE and 58 controls).

Comparing Eosinophilic Esophagitis in a Black and Non-Black Pediatric Cohort.

Objectives: To compare presenting symptoms, comorbidities, disease, and treatment characteristics of a black pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) group to a non-black pediatric EoE group.

Methods: A retrospective chart review consisting of pediatric patients diagnosed with EoE between the years of 2010 and 2018 at a single urban pediatric hospital system comprising 143 black pediatric patients compared with 142 non-black pediatric patients with similar distribution of age and sex.

Results: Both groups were majority male, and the median age of diagnosis between the black and non-black group was 5.

Sex Differences in Blood Transcriptional Profiles and Clinical Phenotypes in Pediatric Patients with Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an increasingly recognized, chronic inflammatory disease. Recent reports suggest clinical differences between males and females.

Objective: To define the relevant molecular pathways that could be related to clinical phenotypes in children with EoE.

IgE antibodies and response to cow's milk elimination diet in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis.

Milk is a common cause of eosinophilic esophagitis. Allergy testing does not predict response to dietary therapy. In this study, patients with low or undetectable IgE antibodies to milk achieved histologic remission with milk elimination.

Statin Use and Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: An Observational Study.

Objective: We aimed to assess a wide range of cognitive functions in patients with type 1 diabetes (DM1) compared with healthy control subjects and to evaluate the effects of statins on cognitive functions in DM1 patients.

Materials And Methods: The sample studied consisted of 55 DM1 patients (80.0% with hyperlipidemia, 20% with statin treatment) and 36 age-matched control subjects (77.

Prospective, comparative effectiveness trial of cow's milk elimination and swallowed fluticasone for pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune-mediated disease in which food antigens play a key role. Current therapeutic options are limited to long-term steroid medication and dietary elimination of multiple foods, each of which is challenging. Our objective was to compare single food elimination of cow's milk to swallowed fluticasone in pediatric EoE patients.

An independent relationship between muscle sympathetic nerve activity and pulse wave velocity in normal humans.

Objective: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) has been shown to be a powerful predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Sympathetic neural mechanisms may have a stiffening influence on arterial mechanical properties. The relationship between direct measures of sympathetic traffic and PWV in healthy humans has not been previously studied.

Supine body position is an important factor influencing postprandial ambulatory blood pressure.

Background: Although body position is known to be an important factor influencing the results of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), even very recent studies assessing postprandial blood pressure (BP) have not taken into account the possibility that the examined subjects were lying down after a meal. We addressed this issue by analysing diurnal BP profiles together with subject's reports on supine rest periods and meal consumption during ABPM.

Material/methods: The ABPM results of 109 non-medicated subjects were analysed (age 40+/-12 years, daytime BP 132/84+/-15/11 mmHg).

[Evaluation of reproducibility of plethysmographic indices according to body posture, choice of forearm and method of measurement].

The aim of the study was the analysis of the influence: a) body position (sitting vs. supine), b) choice of the arm (dominant vs. nondominant), c) variant of the method (classic vs.

Headache in patients with mild to moderate hypertension is generally not associated with simultaneous blood pressure elevation.

Objective: Although headache is regarded a symptom of hypertension, its relation to blood pressure, especially in mild and moderate hypertension, is not clear. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate whether headache in patients with mild to moderate hypertension may be attributed to simultaneous elevations in blood pressure.

Design And Methods: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed in patients (mean age 48 +/- 10 years, n = 150, 92 men, 58 women) classified, according to their office blood pressure, as stage 1 -2 hypertensives (JNC VI).

SUNCT syndrome versus idiopathic stabbing headache (jabs and jolts syndrome).

Both SUNCT syndrome and idiopathic stabbing headache (ISH) (jabs and jolts syndrome) have to be considered when encountering shortlasting headaches. Since there are no specific tests for these headaches, the differential diagnosis depends entirely upon assessment of the clinical features. These headaches are generally easily distinguishable clinically.

SUNCT syndrome. Diagnosis morbi. Shortlasting Unilateral Neuralgiform headache attacks, with Conjunctival injection, Tearing and rhinorrhoea.

The present communication represents an updating of the clinical features of SUNCT. The characteristics of SUNCT have been weighed against other orbital/periorbital headache syndromes towards which differential diagnosis is mandatory. In this group, there are various headaches: cluster headache syndrome, first branch trigeminal neuralgia, and idiopathic stabbing headache (jabs and jolts syndrome).

Trigeminal neuralgia. Clinical manifestations of first division involvement.

A series of 19 patients with what originally had been diagnosed as a first division (V1) trigeminal neuralgia was collected. The inclusion criteria were severe, rather short-lasting pain attacks within the V1 area, combined with trigger mechanisms. There were 10 women and 9 men, and the mean age of onset was 57.

Reproducibility of the cold pressor test: studies in normal subjects.

The reproducibility of the cold pressor test was studied in healthy subjects. A non-invasive method was utilized for estimating beat-to-beat arterial blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). The study population of 17 healthy volunteers consisted of two groups.

SUNCT syndrome: duration, frequency, and temporal distribution of attacks.

Duration, frequency, and temporal distribution of attacks have been objectively estimated in 11 SUNCT patients (3 women and 8 men). The mean age at the time of the study was 69 years (range 52 to 81). The duration of a total of 348 attacks was measured from videotape records, polygraphic tracings, or by stopwatch.

Cluster headache: cardiovascular responses to head-up tilt.

Head-up tilt tests were performed in six cluster headache patients in a bout of attacks, but in a pain-free interval at the time of investigation; and in eleven controls matched for age, basal blood pressure, and heart rate. A Doppler servomethod was used for a noninvasive, beat-to-beat blood pressure determination. There were no significant differences between the cluster headache and control groups for heart rate and systolic blood pressure response to the head-up tilt.

Respiratory studies in SUNCT syndrome.

Seven SUNCT patients (six men, one woman) took part in this study. In four patients, respiratory variables were compared during and outside attacks. In five patients, peripheral chemosensitivity was tested and compared with a control group matched with respect to age, sex, and smoking habits.

SUNCT syndrome: trials of drugs and anesthetic blockades.

Nine patients with the SUNCT syndrome (Spanish and Norwegian patients) have, over many years, been given several drugs effective in the cluster headache syndrome, trigeminal neuralgia, and other headaches, as well as drugs not previously used in headache. Various cranial nerves were also anesthetized in an endeavor to ameliorate the suffering of those patients. Although a partial effect was obtained with carbamazepine and corticosteroids in some patients, none of the drugs or anesthetic blockades had consistent, lasting, complete effect on headache paroxysms in SUNCT.

Cluster headache: the peripheral chemosensitivity as indicated by the single-breath CO2 test.

A single-breath CO2 test was carried out in cluster headache patients both during bout and remission, and in matched healthy individuals (n = 10 for each group) to assess peripheral chemosensitivity. The test subjects inhaled one tidal breath of 13% CO2 in air. The response was expressed as the maximal increase in inspiratory minute ventilation (Vi) within 20 seconds from the exposure to CO2, divided by the increase in end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) (the difference in PCO2 between the test breath and the preceding control breaths): delta Vi/delta PETCO2.

Cluster headache: the ventilatory response to transient hypoxia with pure nitrogen.

To determine whether the carotid body plays a pathogenetic role in cluster headache, 20 cluster headache patients have been studied. Of these, 11 patients were in the interparoxysmal cluster phase, and 9 were in remission. Comparison was made with healthy subjects matched for sex, age, and smoking habits.

Sinus arrhythmia and pupil size in Chiari I malformation: evidence of autonomic dysfunction.

In a prospective study on latent autonomic dysfunction in the Chiari type I malformation, 15 patients were examined for degree of sinus arrhythmia in the supine and the sitting positions with a deep breathing test, and for pupil size and function with electronic pupillometry after sympathicomimetic eyedrop stimulation. The 5 patients with brainstem signs had a marked disturbance of sinus arrhythmia, which was more pronounced in the supine than in the sitting position. The clinical signs suggested a dysfunction of the reflex centers in the medulla rather than of the lower cranial nerves.