Residence time distribution study in a pilot-scale liquid phase catalytic exchange (LPCE) column packed with a mixture of hydrophobic and hydrophilic catalysts.

Residence time distribution (RTD) measurements were carried out in a packed bed column designed for exchange of hydrogen isotopes. The main objective of the study was to characterize the liquid phase mixing under various processes and operating conditions. The packed bed was composed of a mixture of two different types of catalytic packing materials, i.

Cell-cell contact and matrix adhesion promote αSMA expression during TGFβ1-induced epithelial-myofibroblast transition via Notch and MRTF-A.

During epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) epithelial cells lose cell-cell adhesion, exhibit morphological changes, and upregulate the expression of cytoskeletal proteins. Previous studies have demonstrated that complete disruption of cell-cell contact can promote transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced EMT and the expression of the myofibroblast marker alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA). Furthermore, increased cell spreading mediates TGFβ1-induced αSMA expression during EMT.