Physical climate risk: Stock price reactions to the historically most extreme European and United States heat waves since 1979.

Climate change has heightened the need to understand physical climate risks, such as the increasing frequency and severity of heat waves, for informed financial decision-making. This study investigates the financial implications of extreme heat waves on stock returns in Europe and the United States. Accordingly, the study combines meteorological and stock market data by integrating methodologies from both climate science and finance.

Guided reconstruction with conditioned diffusion models for unsupervised anomaly detection in brain MRIs.

The application of supervised models to clinical screening tasks is challenging due to the need for annotated data for each considered pathology. Unsupervised Anomaly Detection (UAD) is an alternative approach that aims to identify any anomaly as an outlier from a healthy training distribution. A prevalent strategy for UAD in brain MRI involves using generative models to learn the reconstruction of healthy brain anatomy for a given input image.

Clinical validation of artificial intelligence-based single-subject morphometry without normative reference database.

Background: Single-subject voxel-based morphometry (VBM) is a powerful technique for reader-independent detection of brain atrophy in structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to support the (differential) diagnosis and staging of neurodegenerative diseases in individual patients. However, VBM is sensitive to the MRI scanner platform and details of the acquisition sequence. To mitigate this limitation, we recently proposed and validated a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based VBM which does not rely on a normative reference database.

Dynamics in zebrafish development define transcriptomic specificity after angiogenesis inhibitor exposure.

Testing for developmental toxicity is an integral part of chemical regulations. The applied tests are laborious and costly and require a large number of vertebrate test animals. To reduce animal numbers and associated costs, the zebrafish embryo was proposed as an alternative model.

Titration of cuprizone induces reliable demyelination.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Cuprizone-induced demyelination, wherein mice are fed a diet containing the copper chelator cuprizone, is a well-established model that replicates key features of demyelination and remyelination. However, the dose-response relationship of cuprizone is complex; high concentrations can induce toxicity, whereas low doses may fail to produce reliable demyelination across subjects.

Recommendations for the optimization of student led free vision screening programs.

Purpose: To report the summary characteristics of operational models associated with Student Led Free Vision Screening Programs (SLFVSP) and to identify opportunities for program optimization.

Methods: An 81-question mixed methods survey was distributed to SLFVSP leaders nationwide and Medical Student Educators within the American University Ophthalmology Professors (AUPO) Association. Survey responses were analyzed using Mann Whitney U and Fisher's Exact tests.

Revisiting the description of Atractoscion macrolepis (Perciformes: Sciaenidae): Another argument for comprehensive taxonomy.

Atractoscion macrolepis was described as a species separate to A. aequidens, distinguished by a geographically-separated distribution, genetic evidence and a diagnostic meristic character: the number of pored lateral line scales. However, the distinction of these species and description of A.

DEP-1 is a brain insulin receptor phosphatase that prevents the simultaneous activation of counteracting metabolic pathways.

A healthy metabolism relies on precise regulation of anabolic and catabolic pathways. While insulin deficiency impairs anabolism, insulin resistance in obesity causes metabolic dysfunction, especially via altered brain insulin receptor (IR) activity. Density-enhanced phosphatase 1 (DEP-1) negatively modulates the IR in peripheral tissues.

Murine Regulatory CD4 T Cells Are Increased in Leukemic Spleens and Show High Co-Expression of Co-Regulatory Molecules CD39, CD73, PD1, and TIGIT.

Comprehensive characterization of AML-associated T cells during disease progression is essential to identify relevant immune escape mechanisms and new immunotherapeutic approaches. Investigating the processes that lead to an immunosuppressive environment under progression of AML is difficult in humans, because by the time of diagnosis the disease is often progressed far beyond the initial stages. Therefore, to investigate T-cell phenotypes during progression a C57BL/6 mouse model was used.

In vitro testing of drug response in primary multiple myeloma cells using a microwell-based technology.

Multiple myeloma is an aggressive neoplasm of plasma cells. While numerous drugs have gained approval, the absence of established predictive markers for individual drug responses poses a challenge. In this study, we explored the microwell- and fluorescence-based Cellply CC-Array® technology for high-throughput analysis of in vitro drug responses as a potential predictive marker for patient treatment outcomes.

Vascular Graft Infections Treated With Bioabsorbable Antibiotic Beads.

Introduction: Inguinal vascular surgical site infections (VSSI) and infected prosthetic grafts remain a critical problem in vascular surgery. Prior clinical reports suggest antibiotic-impregnated beads may be used to attempt salvage of the graft and improve outcomes, especially if explant would result in major amputation or mortality. Described is our institutional experience managing inguinal VSSI using bioabsorbable, antibiotic-impregnated beads compared to inguinal VSSI managed with debridement alone.

The Utilization of Blockchain for Data Security for the Chronic Pain Physician.

Purpose Of Review: The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the surge in medical data utilization, notably impacting chronic pain management given its enormous economist cost. While the collection and use of data enhances research and care quality, data exchange risks compromising integrity and privacy, exemplified by the Change Healthcare cyberattack. Here, we review the potential of blockchain for the utilization for cybersecurity in the healthcare system with an emphasis on the field of chronic pain.

Pharmacotherapy for behavioural manifestations in frontotemporal dementia: An expert consensus from the European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND).

Background And Purpose: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by pervasive personality and behavioural disturbances with severe impact on patients and caregivers. In current clinical practice, treatment is based on nonpharmacological and pharmacological approaches. Unfortunately, trial-based evidence supporting symptomatic pharmacological treatment for the behavioural disturbances in FTD is scarce despite the significant burden this poses on the patients and caregivers.

[Impact of Critical Events During Deployments on the Mental Health of Military Personnel].

Introduction: Deployments abroad pose an occupational risk for mental disorders and reduced quality of life among military personnel. This study examines the question of whether a relevant predictor for the frequency of mental disorders after deployments abroad can be found. It is postulated that soldiers who experience a military-specific critical event develop more symptoms and their quality of life decreases.

Higher effect sizes for the detection of accelerated brain volume loss and disability progression in multiple sclerosis using deep-learning.

Purpose: Clinical validation of "BrainLossNet", a deep learning-based method for fast and robust estimation of brain volume loss (BVL) from longitudinal T1-weighted MRI, for the detection of accelerated BVL in multiple sclerosis (MS) and for the discrimination between MS patients with versus without disability progression.

Materials And Methods: A longitudinal normative database of healthy controls (n = 563), two mono-scanner MS cohorts (n = 414, 156) and a mixed-scanner cohort acquired for various indications (n = 216) were included retrospectively. Mean observation period from the baseline (BL) to the last follow-up (FU) MRI scan was 2-3 years.

Watching subtitled videos with the sound off affects viewers' comprehension, cognitive load, immersion, enjoyment, and gaze patterns: A mixed-methods eye-tracking study.

Every day, millions of viewers worldwide engage with subtitled content, and an increasing number choose to watch without sound. In this mixed-methods study, we examine the impact of sound presence or absence on the viewing experience of both first-language (L1) and second-language (L2) viewers when they watch subtitled videos. We explore this novel phenomenon through comprehension and recall post-tests, self-reported cognitive load, immersion, and enjoyment measures, as well as gaze pattern analysis using eye tracking.

Concomitant or antecedent intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm is not a prognostic factor in resected pancreatic cancer.

Background: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN)-associated pancreatic cancer is becoming a common subtype of pancreatic cancer found in resected specimens. The prognostic of this subtype is still under evaluation. The study aims to evaluate the prognosis of IPMN-associated pancreatic adenocarcinoma compared to the conventional pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Sustainability of shear stress conditioning in endothelial colony-forming cells compared to human aortic endothelial cells to underline suitability for tissue-engineered vascular grafts.

The endothelialization of cardiovascular implants is supposed to improve the long-term patency of these implants. In addition, in previous studies, it has been shown, that the conditioning of endothelial cells by dynamic cultivation leads to the expression of an anti-thrombogenic phenotype. For the creation of a tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG), these two strategies were combined to achieve optimal hemocompatibility.

Feedstock variability impacts the bioconversion of sugar and lignin streams derived from corn stover by Clostridium tyrobutyricum and engineered Pseudomonas putida.

Feedstock variability represents a challenge in lignocellulosic biorefineries, as it can influence both lignocellulose deconstruction and microbial conversion processes for biofuels and biochemicals production. The impact of feedstock variability on microbial performance remains underexplored, and predictive tools for microbial behaviour are needed to mitigate risks in biorefinery scale-up. Here, twelve batches of corn stover were deconstructed via deacetylation, mechanical refining, and enzymatic hydrolysis to generate lignin-rich and sugar streams.

Bioaccessibility of carotenoids, tocochromanols, and iron from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landraces.

Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are among the most important legumes for human nutrition. The aim of the present study was to characterize the composition and in vitro bioaccessibility of tocochromanols, carotenoids, and iron from 14 different landraces and 2 commercial common bean varieties.

Predictors of Care Home Admission and Survival Rate in Patients With Syndromes Associated With Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration in Europe.

Background And Objectives: Data on care home admission and survival rates of patients with syndromes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are limited. However, their estimation is essential to plan trials and assess the efficacy of intervention. Population-based registers provide unique samples for this estimate.