Placenta-derived macaque trophoblast stem cells: differentiation to syncytiotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts reveals phenotypic reprogramming.

Nonhuman primates are excellent models for studying human placentation as experimental manipulations in vitro can be translated to in vivo pregnancy. Our objective was to develop macaque trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) as an in vitro platform for future assessment of primate trophoblast development and function. Macaque TSC lines were generated by isolating first and second trimester placental villous cytotrophoblasts followed by culture in TSC medium to maintain cellular proliferation.

Optimizing Home Oxygen Therapy. An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report.

More than 1.5 million adults in the United States use supplemental oxygen for a variety of respiratory disorders to improve their quality of life and prolong survival. This document describes recommendations from a multidisciplinary workshop convened at the ATS International Conference in 2017 with the goal of optimizing home oxygen therapy for adults.

Assessment of overall thoracic limb axial alignment in dogs with antebrachial deformity.

Objective: To assess overall thoracic limb axial alignment in dogs with and without angular limb deformity (ALD).

Study Design: Ex vivo and retrospective observational clinical study.

Animals: Forty canine thoracic limbs from bilateral normal specimens (10 pairs) and unilateral antebrachial ALD (10 uniapical and 10 biapical deformities).

Regioselective Copper-Catalyzed Boracarboxylation of Vinyl Arenes.

Regioselective copper-catalyzed boracarboxylation of vinyl arenes with bis(pinacolato)diboron and carbon dioxide has been achieved. New boron-functionalized α-aryl carboxylic acids, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are obtained in moderate to excellent yields. The synthetic utility of the transformation was shown through subsequent derivatization of the carbon-boron bond yielding formal hydroxy- and fluorocarboxylation products as well as anionic difluoroboralactones.

Assessment of radial torsion using computed tomography in dogs with and without antebrachial limb deformity.

Objective: To evaluate the reliability of radial torsion assessment in dogs using computed tomography (CT).

Study Design: Cadaveric and retrospective observational clinical study.

Animals: Thoracic limbs (n = 40) from bilateral normal cadaveric canine specimens (10 pairs) and unilateral antebrachial angular limb deformity (ALD) dogs (10 uniapical and 10 biapical deformities).

Inflow Venous Occlusion for Intracardiac Resection of an Occluding Right Ventricular Tumor.

Use of normothermic venous inflow occlusion enabled removal of an intracardiac tumor in a 4 yr old, 27 kg, spayed female Airedale terrier with a history of appendicular osteosarcoma and recent exertional syncope. Inflow venous occlusion via a median sternotomy thoracotomy without hypothermia was used to access the mineralized mass within the right ventricular outflow tract. Duration of circulatory arrest was 70 s for this beating heart surgery.

Update on Surgical Principles and Equipment.

The diversity implicit in exotic animal surgery requires a tailored approach to optimize successful outcomes. Outlined is information on patient preparation, instrumentation, hemostatic techniques, and magnification as it pertains to the exotic animal. Application of topical antiseptic solutions and judicious removal of pelage and feathers will decrease bacterial load during patient preparation.

High revision rates with the metal-on-metal Motec carpometacarpal joint prosthesis.

Unlabelled: We retrospectively evaluated a consecutive series of 42 Motec thumb carpometacarpal total joint arthroplasties. The primary endpoint was revision with implant removal and trapeziectomy. At follow-up the disability of the arm shoulder and hand (DASH) score, pain on numerical rating scale at rest and with activity and serum chrome and cobalt concentrations were assessed for both unrevised and revised patients.

Pre-operative baroreflex sensitivity and efferent cardiac parasympathetic activity are correlated with post-operative pain.

Background: A maladaptation of the autonomic nervous system may been seen in patients with chronic pain that includes persistent changes in the autonomic tone, increased heart rate, and reduced heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity. Baroreflex sensitivity and acute pain intensity have been reported to be inversely correlated. However, it is unknown whether the same correlation applies with regard to post-operative pain.

Radiographic risk factors for contralateral rupture in dogs with unilateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture.

Background: Complete cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CR) is a common cause of pelvic limb lameness in dogs. Dogs with unilateral CR often develop contralateral CR over time. Although radiographic signs of contralateral stifle joint osteoarthritis (OA) influence risk of subsequent contralateral CR, this risk has not been studied in detail.

Heart rate variability in complex regional pain syndrome during rest and mental and orthostatic stress.

Background: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a pain condition with regional sensory and autonomic abnormalities in the affected limb. The authors studied systemic autonomic and hemodynamic function in CRPS patients during rest, and during orthostatic and mental arithmetic stress.

Methods: Twenty patients with CRPS and 20 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched control subjects participated.

Neuroma removal for neuropathic pain: efficacy and predictive value of lidocaine infusion.

Objective: Injury to peripheral nerves associated with trauma, amputation, or surgery may lead to the formation of neuromas that can produce severe pain refractory to pharmacotherapy. Ectopic impulse activity arising in blindly ending axons within the neuroma, which contain abnormal accumulations of sodium channels, is thought to be a major contributor to this pain. The effect of surgical excision has remained controversial.

Safety of lornoxicam in the treatment of postoperative pain: a post-marketing study of analgesic regimens containing lornoxicam compared with standard analgesic treatment in 3752 day-case surgery patients.

Background: Post-marketing surveillance studies can provide supplemental data on the safety of medications in the general population.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the safety of analgesic regimens including the NSAID lornoxicam in the short-term treatment of postoperative pain in a clinically relevant population.

Study Design: Randomized, open-label, multicentre, multinational, observational cohort study of 4 days' duration.

Scaphoid kinematics before and after scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal ligament section. Assessment by radiostereometric analysis and computed tomography in a cadaver study.

The purpose of this study was to measure changes in scaphoid kinematics after division of scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal ligaments, with the intention of determining a clinical measure that could be detected by computed tomography. Twelve freshly frozen cadaver upper extremities were marked with tantalum beads and fixed in positions of neutral, 30° extension, and 40° ulnar deviation. Stereoradiographs for bone migration analysis by radiostereometric analysis and computed tomography scans for visible assessment were obtained before and after scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal ligament section.

Multiple sodium channel isoforms and mitogen-activated protein kinases are present in painful human neuromas.

Objective: Although axons within neuromas have been shown to produce inappropriate spontaneous ectopic discharges, the molecular basis for pain in patients with neuromas is still not fully understood. Because sodium channels are known to play critical roles in neuronal electrogenesis and hyperexcitability, we examined the expression of all the neuronal voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav1.1, Nav1.

Controlled shear affinity filtration (CSAF): a new technology for integration of cell separation and protein isolation from mammalian cell cultures.

Controlled shear affinity filtration (CSAF) integrates animal cell separation and product isolation in a single unit operation through the use of a specifically designed rotating disk filter with incorporated membrane chromatography column. Because of the decoupling of shear force and pressure generation and the specific hydrodynamics of the system, shear rates can be easily optimized and precisely controlled to maximize filtration performance while viability of the shear sensitive animal cells is maintained. In this study, the general methodology is demonstrated using the integration of Chinese hamster ovary cell separation and isolation of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) as a model example.

Ultrasound for diagnosis of scaphoid fractures.

We investigated the diagnostic value of two different ultrasound scanning methods for the early diagnosis of acute scaphoid fractures. Fifty-seven patients with ten scaphoid fractures were assessed within a week of injury. The accuracy of the ultrasound assessment was 84% and its specificity was 91%.

Efficacy and tolerability of lornoxicam versus tramadol in postoperative pain.

This randomized double-blind study compared the analgesic efficacy and tolerability of intramuscular lornoxicam and tramadol in 76 patients with moderate to unbearable pain following arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using the patella bone-tendon-bone technique. Patients receiving a single dose of lornoxicam 16 mg experienced significantly greater total pain relief than patients receiving tramadol 100 mg over the following 8 hours. Lornoxicam had greater analgesic efficacy than tramadol in patients with moderate baseline pain but was of equivalent efficacy in those with severe/unbearable baseline pain.

Controlled shear filtration: A novel technique for animal cell separation.

A novel rotary microfiltration technique specifically suited for the separation of animal cells has been developed. The concept allows the independent adjustment of wall shear stress, transmembrane pressure, and residence time, allowing straightforward optimization of the microfiltration process. By using a smooth, conically shaped rotor, it is possible to establish a controlled shear field in which animal cells experience a significant hydrodynamic lift away from the membrane surface.

[Laser-induced third-degree finger burns].

Accidental laser-induced profound burns are rare, and they generally affect the eyes. We present a case in which an industrial worker was hit by an invisible laserbeam (1.5 KW) on his right index finger.

Nylon-Based Affinity Membranes: Impacts of Surface Modification on Protein Adsorption.

Nylon microfiltration membranes were activated with bisoxirane and formaldehyde at terminal amino groups and amide groups of the nylon polymer, respectively. Dextrans were covalently immobilized on these activated membranes to yield dextran-coated membrane matrices. Both procedures led to a significant reduction of hemoglobin adsorption; however, bisoxirane activation required additional cross-linking of dextran and a second dextran layer to yield comparable quality of dextran-coated membranes than formaldehyde activation.

Randomised trial of epidural bupivacaine and morphine in prevention of stump and phantom pain in lower-limb amputation.

Background: Epidural analgesia before limb amputation is commonly used to reduce postamputation pain. But there have been no controlled studies with large numbers of patients to prove such a pre-emptive effect. We investigated whether postamputation stump and phantom pain in the first year is reduced by preoperative epidural blockade with bupivacaine and morphine.