Plate fixation of extra-oral subcondylar ramus osteotomy for correction of mandibular prognathism: clinical aspects and short term stability.

Aim: The present study describes an extra-oral approach for subcondylar oblique ramus osteotomy using stable fixation for setback of the mandible. The aim was to investigate the incidence of neurosensory disturbances of the mandibular nerve, evaluate facial scar appearance, and assess skeletal stability following the procedure.

Methods: Forty-two consecutive patients with mandibular prognathism were operated upon using the subcondylar oblique ramus osteotomy and plate fixation.

Factors influencing the predictability of soft tissue profile changes following mandibular setback surgery.

The objective of this cephalometric study was to assess long-term changes in the soft tissue profile following mandibular setback surgery and investigate the presence of factors that may influence the soft tissue response to skeletal repositioning. The subjects enrolled were 80 consecutive mandibular prognathism patients operated with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy and rigid fixation. Lateral cephalograms were taken at 6 occasions: immediate presurgical, immediate postsurgical, 2 and 6 months postsurgical, and 1 and 3 years postsurgical.

Stability of extraoral vertical ramus osteotomy: plate fixation versus maxillomandibular/skeletal suspension wire fixation.

The objective of this cephalometric study was to evaluate skeletal stability and time course of postoperative changes in 2 groups of mandibular prognathism patients following extraoral oblique vertical ramus osteotomy (VRO). One group (n = 22) received maxillomandibular fixation and skeletal suspension wires (MMF group) for a period of 8 weeks. In the other group (n = 22), the segments were rigidly fixed with plates and the patients were allowed to function immediately after surgery.

Long-term stability of mandibular setback surgery: a follow-up of 80 bilateral sagittal split osteotomy patients.

The objective of this cephalometric study was to evaluate skeletal stability and time course of postoperative changes in 80 consecutive mandibular prognathism patients operated with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) and rigid fixation. Lateral cephalograms were taken on 6 occasions: immediately preoperative, immediately postoperative, 2 and 6 months postoperative, and 1 and 3 years postoperative. The results indicate that BSSO with rigid fixation for mandibular setback is a fairly stable clinical procedure.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): a cephalometric analysis of severe and non-severe OSA patients. Part I: Multiple comparison of cephalometric variables.

One hundred male obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients were classified into 2 groups, on the basis of Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), as severe (AHI > or = 50) and non-severe (AHI < 50). A comprehensive cephalometric analysis of cervicocraniofacial skeletal morphology and upper airway soft tissue morphology was performed in 51 non-severe OSA patients, 49 severe OSA patients, and 36 controls with the purpose of examining the different features among these 3 groups. Sixty-eight cephalometric variables were compared among these 3 groups by 1-way analysis of variance with post hoc Bonferroni test.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): a cephalometric analysis of severe and non-severe OSA patients. Part II: A predictive discriminant function analysis.

One hundred male obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients were classified into 2 groups on the basis of apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) as severe (AHI > or = 50) and non-severe (AHI < 50). A comprehensive cephalometric analysis of cervicocraniofacial skeletal and upper airway soft tissue morphology was performed in 51 non-severe and 49 severe OSA patients. In addition, a multivariate statistical method (principal component, analysis and predictive discriminant analysis) was performed to identify the components that could correctly differentiate the severe from the non-severe OSA patients.

Mandibular advancement surgery in high-angle and low-angle class II patients: different long-term skeletal responses.

The objective of this cephalometric study was to compare skeletal stability and the time course of postoperative changes in high-angle and low-angle Class II patients after mandibular advancement surgery. The subjects were 61 consecutive mandibular retrognathism patients whose treatment included bilateral sagittal split osteotomy and rigid fixation. The patients were divided according to the preoperative mandibular plane angle; the 20 patients with the lowest mandibular plane angle (20.

Soft tissue profile changes following mandibular advancement surgery: predictability and long-term outcome.

The objectives of this cephalometric study were to assess long-term changes in the soft tissue profile following mandibular advancement surgery and to investigate the relationship between soft tissue and hard tissue movements. The sample consisted of 61 patients treated consecutively for mandibular retrognathism with orthodontic therapy combined with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy and rigid fixation. Lateral cephalograms were taken on 6 occasions: immediately before surgery, immediately after surgery, 2 and 6 months after surgery, and 1 and 3 years after surgery.

Obstructive sleep apnea: a canonical correlation of cephalometric and selected demographic variables in obese and nonobese patients.

One hundred male obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients were classified into 2 groups on the basis of body mass index (BMI): 43 nonobese (BMI < 30 kg/m2) and 57 obese (BMI > or = 30 kg/m2) patients. A comprehensive cephalometric analysis with a multivariate statistical method was performed in order to define the different principal components (PCs) of cervico-craniofacial skeletal and upper airway soft tissue morphology in each group and how they contributed to selected elements of the patient demographic data, ie, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), nocturnal oxyhemoglobin saturation, and BMI. Thirty cephalometric variables of cervico-craniofacial skeletal morphology were reduced to 8 PCs describing 84.

Obstructive sleep apnoea: multiple comparisons of cephalometric variables of obese and non-obese patients.

Background: Pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is complex and not yet fully understood. Several factors contribute to OSA severity. Obesity is believed to play an important role.

Surgical mandibular setback and changes in uvuloglossopharyngeal morphology and head posture: a short- and long-term cephalometric study in males.

A detailed cephalometric analysis was conducted on a sample of 31 adult males who underwent correction of mandibular prognathism by mandibular setback osteotomy (BSRO) with rigid fixation to evaluate the changes in uvuloglossopharyngeal morphology, hyoid bone position and head posture. Lateral cephalograms were obtained 1-3 days prior to the operation and at standardized 6 months and 3 years post-operative follow-up. Statistical evaluation was performed by paired Student's t-test and Pearson product moment correlation analysis.

Surgical mandibular advancement and changes in uvuloglossopharyngeal morphology and head posture: a short- and long-term cephalometric study in males.

The aim of the present study was to investigate, by means of an extensive cephalometric examination, the alterations which took place in hyoid bone position, head posture, position and morphology of the soft palate, and tongue and sagittal dimensions of the pharyngeal airway after mandibular advancement osteotomy for the correction of mandibular retrognathism. The sample consisted only of adult males who underwent mandibular advancement by bilateral sagittal ramus split osteotomy (BSRO) with rigid fixation. Profile cephalograms were obtained 1-3 days before surgery (20 subjects), and 6 months (20 subjects) and 3 years (19 subjects) after the surgery.

Obstructive sleep apnea: a principal component analysis.

A principal component analysis was performed on the cephalometric variables of 100 male obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Thirty cephalometric variables of cervicocraniofacial skeletal morphology were reduced to 8 principal components (PCs), which described 83.2% of the total variance.

Duration of orthodontic treatment involving orthognathic surgery.

The purpose of this study was to analyze factors influencing the duration of treatment in a sample of patients treated by a combined orthodontic/orthognathic surgery approach. Presurgical and postsurgical treatment times were assessed for 315 patients processed through an orthognathic team over a 7-year period. The median total treatment duration for all patients was 21.

Adult craniocervical and pharyngeal changes--a longitudinal cephalometric study between 22 and 42 years of age. Part II: Morphological uvulo-glossopharyngeal changes.

The purpose of this study was to investigate, by cephalometric means, longitudinal alterations in uvulo-glossopharyngeal morphology in adult males and females, at three different ages with 10-year intervals, and to compare the changes between the two genders. The material consisted of three series of cephalograms of 26 males and 24 females, with approximately a 10-year interval between each series. Alterations with age in males and females included: 1 An increase in the length, thickness, and sagittal area of the soft palate, with a more upright position for both genders.

Adult craniocervical and pharyngeal changes--a longitudinal cephalometric study between 22 and 42 years of age. Part I: Morphological craniocervical and hyoid bone changes.

The purpose of this study was to investigate longitudinally, by cephalometric means, alterations in craniocervical morphology and hyoid bone position in adult males and females, in three different age groups at 10-year intervals, and to compare the changes between the two genders. The material consisted of three series of cephalograms of 26 males and 24 females with approximately a 10-year interval between each series. Alterations with increasing age in males and females included: 1 An increase in anterior and posterior facial height in both genders, a reduction in mandibular prognathism, and an increase in the mandibular plane angle in females only.

Morphology and growth in convex profile facial patterns: a longitudinal study.

Two groups of females, one with normal anteroposterior jaw-base relationships and the other with distal jaw-base relationships, were selected at age 6 and compared longitudinally up to age 18. The purposes of this study were, first, to reveal morphological factors that caused or contributed to a distal jaw-base relationship, and second, to compare growth in the two groups. A distal jaw-base relationship is not a morphological entity caused by some specific aberration in the cranial base or jaws.

Validity of the Demirjian method for dental age estimation when applied to Norwegian children.

Dental age was studied in a sample of 261 Norwegian children by using the maturity standards of Demirjian & Goldstein (1976) to examine the applicability of these standards as a reference for overall dental maturity in a Norwegian population. The sample comprised 128 boys and 133 girls included in 'the Oslo Growth Material', from whom orthopantomograms (total, 783) had been longitudinally obtained, with intervals of about 3 years and covering 3 age spans (5.5-6.

Aplasia of the mandibular condyle.

Aplasia of the mandibular condyle is extremely rare when not seen as a part of a syndrome. A case, apparently with no soft tissue aberrations, is described and a possible connection with the hemifacial microsomia syndrome is discussed.

Temporary paresthesia of the lower lip: a complication of orthodontic treatment. A case report.

Temporary mental paresthesia of the lower lip as a result of orthodontic treatment is extremely rare. Only two cases seem to have been reported earlier, a further case is described and discussed. The cause of this uncommon complication in the present case is obviously the close relationship between the distal root of the lower left second permanent molar and the mandibular canal.

Craniofacial structure and soft tissue profile in patients with severe hypodontia.

This study compares craniofacial structure and soft tissue profile in persons with mild hypodontia (group I: 2 to 5 congenitally missing teeth, n = 43), moderate hypodontia (group II: 6 to 9 congenitally missing teeth, n = 15) and severe hypodontia (group III: 10 or more congenitally missing teeth, n = 29) with the structure of persons without hypodontia and with normal occlusion (n = 50). The mean age was about 12 years. In group I, the lower second premolars were the most frequently missing teeth, followed by the upper second premolars and the upper lateral incisors.

Obstructive sleep apnoea: a cephalometric study. Part II. Uvulo-glossopharyngeal morphology.

A comprehensive cephalometric analysis of uvulo-glossopharyngeal morphology in 100 patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and 36 controls was performed. The aberrations in OSA patients included: 1. Increased length, thickness, and sagittal area of soft palate (PM-U; SPT; SPA: P < 0.

Obstructive sleep apnoea: a cephalometric study. Part I. Cervico-craniofacial skeletal morphology.

A comprehensive cephalometric analysis of cervico-craniofacial skeletal morphology in 100 male patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and 36 male controls was performed. The significant aberrations in the OSA group feature: (1) shorter dimension of cranial base with slight counter-clockwise rotation and depression of clivus; (2) shorter maxillary length with normal height; (3) maxillo-mandibular retrognathia related to nasion perpendicular plane (N perpendicular FH) despite normal angles of prognathism; (4) 47 per cent of the OSA group had mandibular retrognathia; (5) increased anterior lower facial height and mandibular plane angle; (6) reduced size of bony pharynx; (7) inferiorly positioned hyoid bone at C4-C6 level; (8) deviated head posture with larger cranio-cervical angle. Cephalometric analysis is highly recommended in OSA patients as one of the most important tools in diagnosis and treatment planning.

[Treatments of major skeletal anomalies in adults].

This article deals with orthodontics and maxillofacial surgery as an integrated treatment. During the last fifteen years orthognathic surgery has made extensive progress, and almost all great malocclusions combined with facial anomalies can be treated with good and stable results. Because the surgical methods are more refined and sophisticated, greater demands have been put on the planning of the treatment making this a team effort between the orthodontist and the surgeon.

Stability of mandibular incisors following excessive proclination: a study in adults with surgically treated mandibular prognathism.

The purpose of this study was to determine if mandibular incisors could be proclined markedly without increasing the potential for relapse of crowding. Patients with surgically treated mandibular prognathism were selected. In 29 patients the mandibular incisors were proclined more than 10 degrees during the presurgical orthodontic phase.