Genetic Concordance of Staphylococcus aureus From Oropharyngeal and Sputum Cultures in People With Cystic Fibrosis.

Background: People with cystic fibrosis (CF) may not expectorate sputum at young ages or after they receive CFTR modulators. While oropharyngeal swabs are commonly used to test for lower airway pathogens, it is unknown whether Staphylococcus aureus from the oropharynx matches the strain(s) infecting the lungs. Our goal was to determine whether oropharyngeal and sputum isolates of S.

The homeo-FIT-prolactin hypothesis: the role of prolactin in metabolic homeostasis - association or causality?

The homeo-fit-prolactin hypothesis proposes a causal metabolic role for prolactin with hypoprolactinemia and hyperprolactinemia leading to adverse metabolic alterations. However, prolactin within the normal range and up to four times the upper reference limit may be a consequence of metabolic adaption and have a positive metabolic role similar to increased insulin in pre-diabetes. As a consequence, drugs that would increase prolactin levels within this threshold may hold promising effects, particularly for patients with type 2 diabetes.

The use of composite endpoints in cardiovascular outcome trials for diabetes: A review of 22 randomized clinical trials published since 2008.

Aim: To describe the use of composite endpoints (CEs) in cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of type 2 diabetes and to evaluate the significance of the individual outcomes included within these CEs from the perspectives of both patients and clinicians. Secondary objectives were to estimate the gradient of treatment effects and events across outcomes.

Materials And Methods: Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials assessing CV outcomes for patients with diabetes from 2008 and onwards.

Relation of Insulin Resistance to Brain Glucose Metabolism in Fasting and Hyperinsulinemic States: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Context: Abnormal brain glucose metabolism may cause cognitive disease in type 2 diabetes, yet the relation between insulin resistance and brain glucose metabolism has not been systematically described.

Objective: We evaluated the impact of metabolic condition (fasting vs insulin stimulation, e.g.

Acromegaly management in the Nordic countries: A Delphi consensus survey.

Objective: Acromegaly is associated with increased morbidity and mortality if left untreated. The therapeutic options include surgery, medical treatment, and radiotherapy. Several guidelines and recommendations on treatment algorithms and follow-up exist.

Responses to Medical Treatment in 192 Patients with Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Referred to the Copenhagen Neuroendocrine Tumour Centre in 2000-2020.

Background: Given the rarity and heterogeneity of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNEN), treatment algorithms and sequencing are primarily guided by expert opinions with limited evidence.

Aim: To investigate overall survival (OS), median progression-free survival (mPFS), and prognostic factors associated with the most common medical treatments for pNEN.

Methods: Retrospective single-center study encompassing patients diagnosed and monitored between 2000 and 2020 (n = 192).

Outlook for 615 Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor Patients: Recurrence Risk after Surgery and Disease-Specific Survival in Advanced Disease.

Background: Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (siNET) are one of the most common neuroendocrine neoplasms. Radical surgery is the only curative treatment.

Method: We utilized a single-center study including consecutive patients diagnosed from 2000 to 2020 and followed them until death or the end of study.

Recurrence-Free Survival and Disease-Specific Survival in Patients with Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Single-Center Retrospective Study of 413 Patients.

Introduction: The prognosis and impact of different prognostic factors in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNEN) remain controversial.

Aim: To investigate prognostic factors for recurrence-free survival and disease-specific survival in patients with pNEN, divided into three groups: patients undergoing surveillance (tumor size < 2 cm, group 1), patients followed after curative-intended surgery (group 2), and patients with unresectable disease or residual tumors after resection (group 3).

Method: A single-center retrospective study including consecutive patients over a 20-year period.

Desmopressin Dose Requirements in Adults with Congenital and Acquired Central Diabetes Insipidus.

Central diabetes insipidus is a rare disorder characterized by a deficiency of vasopressin. The first line drug to treat this disorder is a synthetic analogue of vasopressin, desmopressin.The primary aim of this retrospective register study was to compare desmopressin dose requirements in patients with acquired and congenital DI, and secondly to assess the influence of BMI on dose requirement and risk of hyponatremia with different drug administrations.

Thyroglobulin Antibodies in Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Thyroid autoimmunity is the most prevalent autoimmune disorder among women of reproductive age and has been suggested as a risk factor in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL)-a condition in which couples suffer several consecutive pregnancy losses, but where a cause can be identified in less than half of the cases. Most studies have focused on thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs), not considering the presence of thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAbs). The aim of this study was to systematically assess the prevalence of TgAb positivity in women with RPL, and whether TgAb positivity was associated with the outcome of the next pregnancy.

Imaging surveillance in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: Ten years of experience with somatostatin receptor positron emission tomography.

Guidelines for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) recommend intensive imaging surveillance without specifying a superior regimen, including the role of somatostatin receptor imaging (SRI) with positron emission tomography (PET). The primary outcomes were to: (1) Assess change in treatment of duodenal-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (DP-NENs), bronchopulmonary NENs, and thymic tumors attributed to use of SRI PET/computed tomography (CT) and (2) estimate radiation from imaging and risk of cancer death attributed to imaging radiation. This was a retrospective single center study, including all MEN1 patients, who had had at least one SRI PET/CT.

Natural History of Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The management of non-functioning pituitary tumors (NFPTs) relies on the risk of tumor growth and new endocrinopathies. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the risk of growth, new pituitary endocrinopathies, and surgery in patients with conservatively treated NFPTs. We conducted a bibliographical search identifying studies assessing NFPTs followed conservatively.

Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light chain in treatment-naïve patients with unipolar depression.

Background: Unipolar depression has been associated with increased levels of glial dysfunction and neurodegeneration biomarkers, such as Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and Neurofilament light chain (NfL). However, previous studies were conducted on patients taking psychotropic medication and did not monitor longitudinal associations between disease status and GFAP/NfL.

Methods: Treatment-naïve patients with unipolar depression (n = 110) and healthy controls (n = 33) were included.

Validation of a novel automated system, Fluispotter®, for serial sampling of dried blood spots.

Repeated blood sampling is required in certain clinical and research settings, which is currently performed by drawing blood from venous catheters requiring manual handling of each sample at the time of collection. A novel body-worn device for repeated serial samples, Fluispotter®, with automated extraction, collection, and storage of up to 20 venous dried blood spot samples over the course of 20 h may overcome problems with current methods for serial sampling. The purpose of this study was to assess the performance and safety of Fluispotter for the first time in healthy subjects.

Prognostic value of contralateral suppression on kidney function after surgery in patients with primary aldosteronism.

Background And Objective: Adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism (PA) has been associated with decreased kidney function after surgery. It has been proposed that elimination of excess aldosterone unmasks an underlying failure of the kidney function. Contralateral suppression (CLS) is considered a marker of aldosterone excess and disease severity, and the purpose of this study was to assess the hypothesis that CLS would predict change in kidney function after adrenalectomy in patients with PA.

Variation in serum adrenal hormones in female 21-hydroxylase deficient patients.

Background: There is no consensus regarding markers of optimal treatment or timing between glucocorticoid intake and assessment of hormone levels in the follow-up of female 21-hydroxylase deficient patients.

Objective: To examine visit-to-visit repeatability in levels of adrenal hormones in adult female patients, to identify predictors of repeatability in hormone levels and to examine concordance between levels of different adrenal hormones.

Method: All patients with confirmed 21-hydroxylase deficiency treated with glucocorticoids, were included.

Rating the importance of outcomes from diabetes trials. A survey of patients' and doctors' opinions.

Purpose: To investigate and compare how patients with diabetes mellitus and doctors rate the importance of outcomes used as part of composite endpoints in clinical diabetes trials. Secondly, to compare the ratings of outcomes between patients with low and high education.

Methods: Using a pre-piloted questionnaire, patients with diabetes and doctors working with diabetes were asked to rate the importance of 36 different outcomes commonly used in trials assessing intervention effects in patients with diabetes.

Case report: surgical management of massive scrotal lymphedema in a bariatric patient.

A morbidly obese male patient was referred to our department for joint-venture excision surgery of a massive genital lymphedema that had increased 10-fold in volume over a 3-year period. The patient underwent two-stage excision and reconstruction surgery including orchiectomy and was discharged with no major complications and reported improved outcome and urogenital function after surgery at 6-month follow-up. Genital lymphedema is a rare and surgically challenging disease that is related to obesity and causes functional and psychosocial impairment.

Withdrawal of dopamine agonist treatment in patients with hyperprolactinaemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To estimate the proportion of patients with persistent normoprolactinaemia following dopamine agonist (DA) withdrawal and to identify predictors of successful withdrawal in patients with hyperprolactinaemia.

Design, Patients, And Measurements: A systematic review of observational eligible studies were identified by searching PubMed and Embase. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with normoprolactinaemia after cessation of DA treatment.

Endocrine Function after Transsphenoidal Surgery in Patients with Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Transsphenoidal surgery is the current treatment for mass reduction in patients with non-functional pituitary adenomas (NFPAs). The surgical procedure may deteriorate or recover pituitary endocrine function. The aim of this study was to systematically assess the benefits and harms of transsphenoidal surgery on pituitary endocrine function in patients with NFPAs.

Prognostic value of contralateral suppression for remission after surgery in patients with primary aldosteronism.

Objective: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of endocrine hypertension and adrenalectomy is the firstline treatment for unilateral PA. Suppression of aldosterone secretion of the nondominant adrenal gland at adrenal venous sampling (AVS), that is, contralateral suppression (CLS) has been suggested as a marker of disease severity. However, whether factors such as CLS, age, gender or comorbidities are associated with remission after surgery is controversial.