Coronary stent imaging in photon counting computed tomography: improved imaging of in-stent stenoses in a phantom with optimized reconstruction kernels.

Objectives: Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) is becoming increasingly important in the workup of coronary artery disease. Imaging of stents and in-stent stenoses remains a challenge. This work investigates the assessability of in-stent stenoses in photon counting CT (PCCT) using ultra-high-resolution (UHR) imaging and optimized reconstruction kernels.

Gyroscope-Assisted CT-Guided Puncture Improves Accuracy and Hit Rate Compared with Free-Hand Puncture: A Phantom Study.

Purpose: To evaluate gyroscope-assisted CT-guided needle puncture (GAP) compared to free hand puncture (FHP) in a phantom.

Material And Methods: A simple, low-cost gyroscope was equipped with a magnetic rail to attach it to common puncture needles. 18 radiologists with different levels of training and experience in CT-guided punctures first punctured three targets in free hand technique in a special biopsy phantom with different difficulty levels of the puncture path (T1: not angulated, needle path 7.

Impact of an online reference system on the diagnosis of rare or atypical abdominal tumors and lesions.

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate whether an online reference system (ORS, STATdx Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands) impacts finding the histologically confirmed diagnosis of rare or atypical abdominal tumors and lesions in radiologic imaging. In total, 101 patients with rare tumor entities or lesions and atypical manifestations of common tumors were enrolled retrospectively. Blinded readings were performed by four radiologists with varying levels of experience, who reported on: (a) correct diagnosis (CD), (b) time needed to find the diagnosis, and (c) diagnostic confidence, initially without followed by the assistance of the ORS.

Short-term mortality prediction in acute pulmonary embolism: Radiomics values of skeletal muscle and intramuscular adipose tissue.

Background: Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a potentially life-threatening disorder, emphasizing the importance of accurate risk stratification and survival prognosis. The exploration of imaging biomarkers that can reflect patient survival holds the potential to further enhance the stratification of APE patients, enabling personalized treatment and early intervention. Therefore, in this study, we develop computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) radiomic signatures for the prognosis of 7- and 30-day all-cause mortality in patients with APE.

Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring Using Virtual Versus True Noncontrast Images From Photon-Counting Coronary CT Angiography.

Background Coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS) for coronary artery disease requires true noncontrast (TNC) CT alongside contrast-enhanced coronary CT angiography (CCTA). Photon-counting CT provides an algorithm (PureCalcium) for reconstructing virtual noncontrast images from CCTA specifically for CACS. Purpose To assess CACS differences based on PureCalcium images derived from contrast-enhanced photon-counting CCTA compared with TNC images and evaluate the impact of these differences on the clinically relevant classification of patients into plaque burden groups.

Imaging of hypodense gliotic lesions in photon counting computed tomography using virtual monoenergetic images.

Objectives: Glioses appear as hypodense lesions in non-contrast CT examinations of the head. Photon counting CT (PCCT) enables the calculation of virtual monoenergetic images (VMI). The aim of this study is to investigate in which VMI hypodense gliotic lesions can be delineated best.

Pancreatic cancer in photon-counting CT: Low keV virtual monoenergetic images improve tumor conspicuity.

Purpose Of The Study: The aim of the study was to identify differences in the tumor conspicuity of pancreatic adenocarcinomas in different monoenergetic or polyenergetic reconstructions and contrast phases in photon-counting CT (PCCT).

Material And Methods: 34 patients were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Quantitative image analysis was performed with region of interest (ROI) measurements in different monoenergetic levels ranging from 40 up to 70 keV (5-point steps) and polyenergetic series.

Imaging of intracranial hemorrhage in photon counting computed tomography using virtual monoenergetic images.

Purpose: To determine the optimal virtual monoenergetic image (VMI) for detecting and assessing intracranial hemorrhage in unenhanced photon counting CT of the head based on the evaluation of quantitative and qualitative image quality parameters.

Methods: Sixty-three patients with acute intracranial hemorrhage and unenhanced CT of the head were retrospectively included. In these patients, 35 intraparenchymal, 39 intraventricular, 30 subarachnoidal, and 43 subdural hemorrhages were selected.

Automated Patient Registration in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Deep Learning-Based Height and Weight Estimation with 3D Camera: A Feasibility Study.

Rationale And Objectives: Accurate and efficient estimation of patient height and weight is crucial to ensure patient safety and optimize the quality of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures. Several height and weight estimation methods have been proposed for use in adult patient management, but none is widely established. Estimation by the medical technologists for radiology (MTR) based on personal experience remains to be the most common method.

Does bore size matter?-A comparison of the subjective perception of patient comfort during low field (0.55 Tesla) and standard (1.5 Tesla) MRI imaging.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the subjectively perceived patient comfort during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations and to assess potential differences between a recently introduced low field MRI scanner and a standard MRI scanner. Among other characteristics, the low field MRI scanner differs from the standard MRI scanner by offering more space (wider bore size of 80 centimeter diameter) and producing less noise, which may influence the patient comfort. In total, 177 patients were surveyed after MRI scans with either the low field MRI scanner (n = 91, MAGNETOM Free.

Sarcopenia is a predictor of patient death in acute ischemic stroke.

Background: Sarcopenia is proposed as a novel imaging biomarker in several acute conditions regarding outcome and mortality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic role of the masseter muscles in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods: Overall, 189 patients with AIS that received mechanical thrombectomy were retrospectively enrolled in this study.

Techno-Economic and Life Cycle Assessment of Enhanced Rock Weathering: A Case Study from the Midwestern United States.

Enhanced rock weathering (ERW) is a carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy for combating climate change. The CDR potentials of ERW have been assessed at the process and national/global levels, but the environmental and economic implications of ERW have not been fully quantified for U.S.

Nonenhanced Photon Counting CT of the Head : Impact of the keV Level, Iterative Reconstruction and Calvaria on Image Quality in Monoenergetic Images.

Purpose: Nonenhanced computed tomography (CT) of the head is among the most commonly performed CT examinations. The spectral information acquired by photon counting CT (PCCT) allows generation of virtual monoenergetic images (VMI). At the same time, image noise can be reduced using quantum iterative reconstruction (QIR).

Twelve-month results of the ADAPT randomized controlled trial: Reproducibility and sustainability of advanced hybrid closed-loop therapy outcomes versus conventional therapy in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: To reassess the 6-month efficacy and to assess the 12-month sustained efficacy of the MiniMed™ 780G advanced hybrid closed-loop automated insulin delivery (AID) system compared to multiple daily injections plus intermittently scanned glucose monitoring (MDI+isCGM) in people with type 1 diabetes not meeting glucose targets.

Methods: The ADAPT study was a prospective, multicentre, open-label, randomized control trial in people with type 1 diabetes, with a glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration of at least 8.0% (64 mmol/mol), on MDI+isCGM therapy.

Coronary stent imaging in photon counting computed Tomography: Optimization of reconstruction kernels in a phantom.

Purpose: Imaging stents and in-stent stenosis remains a challenge in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). In comparison to conventional Computed Tomography, Photon Counting CT (PCCT) provides decisive clinical advantages, among other things by providing low dose ultra-high resolution imaging of coronary arteries. This work investigates the image quality in CCTA using clinically established kernels and those optimized for the imaging of cardiac stents in PCCT, both for in-vitro stent imaging in 400 μm standard resolution mode (SRM) and 200 μm Ultra High Resolution Mode (UHR).

Minimizing Contrast Media Dose in CT Pulmonary Angiography with Clinical Photon Counting Using High Pitch Technique.

Rationale And Objectives: To evaluate the potential to reduce the amount of iodinated contrast media (CM) for computer tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) with a novel photon-counting-detector CT (PCCT).

Materials And Methods: Overall, 105 patients referred for CTPA were retrospectively included in this study. CTPA was performed using bolus tracking and high-pitch dual-source scanning (FLASH mode) on a novel PCCT (Naeotom Alpha, Siemens Healthineers).

Advanced Hybrid Closed Loop in Adult Population With Type 1 Diabetes: A Substudy From the ADAPT Randomized Controlled Trial in Users of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring.

Background: This analysis reports the findings from a predefined exploratory cohort (cohort B) from the ADAPT (ADvanced Hybrid Closed Loop Study in Adult Population with Type 1 Diabetes) study. Adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with suboptimal glucose control were randomly allocated to an advanced hybrid closed-loop (AHCL) system or multiple daily injections of insulin (MDI) plus real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM).

Methods: In this prospective, multicenter, exploratory, open-label, randomized controlled trial, 13 participants using MDI + RT-CGM and with HbA1c ≥8.

Diagnostic Image Quality of a Low-Field (0.55T) Knee MRI Protocol Using Deep Learning Image Reconstruction Compared with a Standard (1.5T) Knee MRI Protocol.

Objectives: Low-field MRI at 0.55 Tesla (T) with deep learning image reconstruction has recently become commercially available. The objective of this study was to evaluate the image quality and diagnostic reliability of knee MRI performed at 0.

Evaluation of the clinical performance of an AI-based application for the automated analysis of chest X-rays.

The AI-Rad Companion Chest X-ray (AI-Rad, Siemens Healthineers) is an artificial-intelligence based application for the analysis of chest X-rays. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the performance of the AI-Rad. In total, 499 radiographs were retrospectively included.

Clinical Low-Dose Photon-Counting CT for the Detection of Urolithiasis: Radiation Dose Reduction Is Possible without Compromising Image Quality.

This study evaluated the feasibility of reducing the radiation dose in abdominal imaging of urolithiasis with a clinical photon-counting CT (PCCT) by gradually lowering the image quality level (IQL) without compromising the image quality and diagnostic value. Ninety-eight PCCT examinations using either IQL70 (n = 31), IQL60 (n = 31) or IQL50 (n = 36) were retrospectively included. Parameters for the radiation dose and the quantitative image quality were analyzed.

Differentiation of Intracerebral Tumor Entities with Quantitative Contrast Attenuation and Iodine Mapping in Dual-Layer Computed Tomography.

Purpose: To investigate if quantitative contrast enhancement and iodine mapping of common brain tumor (BT) entities may correctly differentiate between tumor etiologies in standardized stereotactic CT protocols. Material and Methods: A retrospective monocentric study of 139 consecutive standardized dual-layer dual-energy CT (dlDECT) scans conducted prior to the stereotactic needle biopsy of untreated primary brain tumor lesions. Attenuation of contrast-enhancing BT was derived from polyenergetic images as well as spectral iodine density maps (IDM) and their contrast-to-noise-ratios (CNR) were determined using ROI measures in contrast-enhancing BT and healthy contralateral white matter.

Advanced hybrid closed loop therapy versus conventional treatment in adults with type 1 diabetes (ADAPT): a randomised controlled study.

Background: Adults with type 1 diabetes who are treated with multiple daily injections of insulin plus intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) can have suboptimal glucose control. We aimed to assess the efficacy of an advanced hybrid closed loop (AHCL) system compared with such therapy in this population.

Methods: The Advanced Hybrid Closed Loop Study in Adult Population with Type 1 Diabetes (ADAPT) trial is a prospective, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial that involved 14 centres in three European countries (France, Germany, and the UK).