In vitro long-term exposure to chlorhexidine or triclosan induces cross-resistance against azoles in Nakaseomyces glabratus.

Background: Topical antiseptics are crucial for preventing infections and reducing transmission of pathogens. However, commonly used antiseptic agents have been reported to cause cross-resistance to other antimicrobials in bacteria, which has not yet been described in yeasts. This study aims to assess the in vitro efficacy of antiseptics against clinical and reference isolates of Candida albicans and Nakaseomyces glabratus, and whether prolonged exposure to antiseptics promotes the development of antifungal (cross)resistance.

Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Differently Processed Smoothies and Fresh Produce from Austria.

Plant-derived foods are potential vehicles for microbial antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which can be transferred to the human microbiome if consumed raw or minimally processed. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the amount of clinically relevant ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in differently processed smoothies (freshly prepared, cold-pressed, pasteurized and high-pressure processed) and fresh produce samples (organically and conventionally cultivated) to assess potential health hazards associated with their consumption. The MGE and the class 1 integron-integrase gene were detected by probe-based qPCR in concentrations up to 10 copies/mL in all smoothies, lettuce, carrots and a single tomato sample.

Unraveling novel mutation patterns and morphological variations in two dalbavancin-resistant MRSA strains in Austria using whole genome sequencing and transmission electron microscopy.

Background: The increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains resistant to non-beta-lactam antimicrobials poses a significant challenge in treating severe MRSA bloodstream infections. This study explores resistance development and mechanisms in MRSA isolates, especially after the first dalbavancin-resistant MRSA strain in our hospital in 2016.

Methods: This study investigated 55 MRSA bloodstream isolates (02/2015-02/2021) from the University Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

In vitro resistance development gives insights into molecular resistance mechanisms against cefiderocol.

Cefiderocol, a novel siderophore cephalosporin, demonstrates promising in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including carbapenemase-producing strains. Nonetheless, only a few reports are available regarding the acquisition of resistance in clinical settings, primarily due to its recent usage. This study aimed to investigate cefiderocol resistance using an in vitro resistance development model to gain insights into the underlying molecular resistance mechanisms.

Staphylococcus aureus small colony variants: A potentially underestimated microbiological challenge in peritoneal dialysis.

Introduction: Peritonitis remains the major infectious complication in the setting of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Despite known only moderate pathogenicity, the most frequently detected pathogens in PD-related peritonitis are surprisingly coagulase-negative staphylococci. However, this could be explained, at least in part, by Staphylococcus aureus small colony variants (SCVs) induced by PD fluids (PDFs) and misidentified by routinely used microbiological methods.

Differences in oxazolidinone resistance mechanisms and small colony variants emergence of induced in an resistance development model.

Invasive infections are associated with a high burden of disease, case fatality rate and healthcare costs. Oxazolidinones such as linezolid and tedizolid are considered potential treatment choices for conditions involving methicillin resistance or penicillin allergies. Additionally, they are being investigated as potential inhibitors of toxins in toxin-mediated diseases.

in Austria-What Is New and What Is Different.

is a novel and emerging pathogenic yeast which represents a serious global health threat. Since its first description in Japan 2009, it has been associated with large hospital outbreaks all over the world and is often resistant to more than one antifungal drug class. To date, five isolates have been detected in Austria.

Parent Readiness for Their Preterm Infant's Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Discharge.

This study aims to examine the influence of hospital experience factors on parental discharge readiness, accounting for key background characteristics. Parents/guardians of infants 33 weeks of gestation or less at birth receiving neonatal intensive care at 6 sites were enrolled from April 2017 to August 2018. Participants completed surveys at enrollment, 3 weeks later, and at discharge.

Neonatal outcomes from a quasi-experimental clinical trial of Family Integrated Care versus Family-Centered Care for preterm infants in U.S. NICUs.

Background: Family Integrated Care (FICare) benefits preterm infants compared with Family-Centered Care (FCC), but research is lacking in United States (US) Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). The outcomes for infants of implementing FICare in the US are unknown given differences in parental leave benefits and health care delivery between the US and other countries where FICare is used. We compared preterm weight and discharge outcomes between FCC and mobile-enhanced FICare (mFICare) in the US.

Evaluation of Eosinophilic Cationic Protein as a Marker of Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis.

Echinococcosis is a neglected zoonotic disease and a worldwide public health problem caused by infection with the larval stages of taeniid cestodes of the genus . In vitro studies have demonstrated a protoscolecidal effect of eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), a granule protein of eosinophilic granulocytes, against . Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate ECP as a biomarker in the treatment of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE).

Efficacy of octenidine against emerging echinocandin-, azole- and multidrug-resistant Candida albicans and Candida glabrata.

Objectives: Infections due to Candida species represent a serious threat to healthcare facilities. Only a few classes of antifungal agents are available, and the rapid emergence of (multi)drug resistance eliminates effective treatment options for successful patient outcome. Topically applied antiseptics may represent a suitable tool for infection control and local therapy.

Relationship between social support and post-discharge mental health symptoms in mothers of preterm infants.

Background: Social support is associated with decreased symptoms of postpartum mood and anxiety disorders (PMAD) in mothers of healthy infants, but less is known about social support and PMADs in mothers with preterm infants. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social support and symptoms of PMADs reported by mothers in the months following hospital discharge of their preterm infant.

Methods: Mothers of infants less than 33 weeks gestational age were enrolled from neonatal intensive care units (NICU) at 6 sites.

Synergistic Effect of Cefazolin Plus Fosfomycin Against and in an Experimental Model.

This study investigated the synergistic and activity of cefazolin plus fosfomycin against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant (MSSA and MRSA) to provide the basis for a potential treatment alternative. Antimicrobial susceptibility and synergy tests were performed with five MSSA and five MRSA isolates using the broth microdilution and chequerboard assays, respectively. The efficacy of cefazolin plus fosfomycin for the treatment of MRSA infections was assessed using the survival assay.

Implementing Rapid Whole-Genome Sequencing in Critical Care: A Qualitative Study of Facilitators and Barriers to New Technology Adoption.

Objective: To characterize the views of members of the multi-disciplinary team regarding the implementation of rapid whole-genome sequencing (rWGS) as a first-tier test for critically ill children in diverse children's hospital settings.

Study Design: Qualitative interviews informed by implementation science theory were conducted with the multidisciplinary patient care teams and hospital leaders at each of the 5 tertiary care children's hospitals involved in a statewide rWGS implementation project.

Results: Our analysis revealed 5 key themes regarding the implementation process across the sites: the need for rWGS champions, educational needs and strategies, negotiating decision-making roles and processes, workflows and workarounds, and perceptions about rWGS.

Improving Family-Centered Care for Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: Recommendations From Frontline Healthcare Professionals.

Background: Family-centered care is a philosophy and healthcare delivery model adopted by many neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) worldwide, yet practice varies widely.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to synthesize recommendations from frontline NICU healthcare professionals regarding family-centered care.

Methods: Data were obtained from the baseline phase of a multicenter quasi-experimental study comparing usual family-centered NICU care (baseline) with mobile-enhanced family integrated care (intervention).

Natural language processing methods are sensitive to sub-clinical linguistic differences in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Computerized natural language processing (NLP) allows for objective and sensitive detection of speech disturbance, a hallmark of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). We explored several methods for characterizing speech changes in SSD (n = 20) compared to healthy control (HC) participants (n = 11) and approached linguistic phenotyping on three levels: individual words, parts-of-speech (POS), and sentence-level coherence. NLP features were compared with a clinical gold standard, the Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language and Communication (TLC).

What parents want to know about caring for their preterm infant: A longitudinal descriptive study.

Objectives: To describe the characteristics of parent knowledge needs and skill acquisition over the course of their infant's neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization.

Methods: 148 parents/guardians of infants ≤33 week gestation enrolled during the usual care phase of a multi-site quasi-experimental study, completing weekly surveys about their learning needs for the coming week and skills learned in the past week.

Results: The topics of most interest or concern for parents included feeding their infant and their infant's medical course.

Account and Utilization of Blood Lipid Profiles: Lipid Levels Predicted Hemosporidian Infection in Migrating Northern Saw-Whet Owls of Eastern North America.

Noting lipidomic changes following the parasitism of migrating birds, the metabolic needs of which are primarily fueled by lipids, can deepen our understanding of host-parasite interactions. We identified lipids of migrating Northern saw-whet owls (Aegolius acadicus) using collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry, compared the lipidomic signatures of hemoparasite-infected and noninfected individuals, and performed cross-validation analyses to reveal associations between parasite infection and lipid levels. We found significantly lower levels of lipid classes phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and sphingomyelin (SM) in infected Northern saw-whet owls than in the noninfected individuals.

Do Isolates with Borderline Resistant Micafungin MICs Always Harbor Hot Spot Mutations?

Antifungal susceptibility testing is important in guiding patient therapy due to an increasing number of resistant isolates. In the clinical strain collection of the Austrian resistance report (AURES), a high number of micafungin-resistant isolates (18.2% 49/269) was detected in seven different centres in Austria from 2011-2016.

A Multisite Survey of NICU Healthcare Professionals' Perceptions About Family-Centered Care.

Background: Family-centered care contributes to improved outcomes for preterm and ill infants. Little is known about the perceptions of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) healthcare professionals regarding the degree to which their NICU practices or values family-centered care.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to describe attitudes and beliefs of NICU healthcare professionals about family-centered care and to explore professional characteristics that might influence those views.

Miscarriage information available on the internet: a content analysis of leading consumer websites.

Objective: The objective of this content analysis was to explore the accuracy and completeness of information provided about miscarriage on consumer-facing websites.

Study Design: We identified the most popular consumer websites for health information and the leading medical and nursing professional association websites. We reviewed each website for content on miscarriage aimed at consumers and compared the website content to the information contained in the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Practice Bulletin on Early Pregnancy Loss.