Imaging-Guided Delivery of a Hydrophilic Drug to Eukaryotic Cells Based on Its Hydrophobic Ion Pairing with Poly(hexamethylene guanidine) in a Maleated Chitosan Carrier.

Imaging-guided delivery is developed for hydrophobic drugs, and to a much lesser extent, hydrophilic ones. In this work we have designed a novel strategy for real-time monitoring of hydrophilic drug delivery. Traditionally, the drug and the dye are covalently attached to a nanocarrier or are electrostatically adsorbed.

Chitosan-based multi-liposomal complexes: Synthesis, biodegradability and cytotoxicity.

Anionic liposomes were electrostatically adsorbed onto the surface of cationic chitosan particles cross-linked by sulfate anions, forming multi-liposomal containers (MLCs) for encapsulation and delivery of bioactive substances. An increase in molecular mass of chitosan from 30 to 300 kDa results in a size increase of chitosan particles, from 200 to 400 nm. Being saturated by liposomes, chitosan particles give MLCs of 320-540 nm.

Intracellular delivery of drugs by chitosan-based multi-liposomal complexes.

Positively charged linear chitosan molecules were cross-linked with sulfate-anions to form chitosan nanoparticles which were used as a scaffold of negatively charged cardiolipin/egg lecithin liposomes loaded with doxorubicin (DOX). Thus formed multi-liposomal complexes (MLCs) containing 55 liposomes/chitosan and bearing a slight positive net charge effectively transmitted DOX into the cytoplasm of cells in culture. The efficiency of DOX delivery increased 4-5-fold upon drug incorporation in MLCs.

[Organization and results of surgical care for ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding in the hospitals of Central Federal District].

Aim: To present treatment of 52 149 patients with ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding (UGDB) who were treated in different regions of Central Federal District (CFD) for the period 2011-2014. It is noted that UGDB incidence per 100 thousands is increased proportionally from 32.9 to 77.

[The ways to improve the efficiency of surgical care service].

Aim: To examine the work of surgical service in the Central Federal District and to define the main directions to improve the efficacy of surgical care in case of acute abdominal diseases.

Material And Methods: The results of surgical service of the Central Federal District for the period 2011-2014 in treatment of 2.5 millions patients were analyzed.

[Study of immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a novel inactivated vaccine with chitosan against influenza A/H1N1/2009].

Aim: Study of immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a novel inactivated vaccine with chitosan against influenza A/H1N1/2009.

Materials And Methods: Influenza virus A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) strain was used in the study. Mice were immunized twice (21 day interval) with experimental samples of inactivated influenza vaccine: No.

[Increasing the immunogenicity of inactivated chitosan adjuvanted vaccine from A/California/7/09 (H1N1) strain and analyzing the antigenic specificity of this influenza virus strain].

Addition of chitosan as an adjuvant to subunit vaccine from the swine origin influenza virus A/California/7/09 (H1N1) increases vaccine immunogenicity by 8-16 times and significantly enhances its protective potency. Single immunization with chitosan adjuvanted vaccine induced similar antibody titers as two immunizations with unadjuvanted vaccine. Chitosan stabilized the immunogenicity of subunit vaccine when stored at 4 degrees C.

[Enhancing the immunogenicity of inactivated polio vaccines with chitosan used as an adjuvant].

Addition of chitosan to inactivated trivalent polio vaccine or inactivated preparations of attenuated poliomyelitis viruses (Sabin strains) significantly increases immunogenicity of these inactivated poliomyelitis virus preparations. High neutralizing antibody titers are detected after two immunizations of mice and a single immunization of rats, as well as when the antigen dose was reduced by 4 times. Addition of chitosan as an adjuvant significantly induces cellular immunity.

Chitosan as an adjuvant for poliovaccine.

The use of inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine is very important for eradicating poliomyelitis. However, this vaccine is not available readily in underdeveloped countries due to the high cost. Adjuvants can improve the immunogenicity of a vaccine and reduce the antigen dose required for vaccination, thus lowering the cost of the vaccine.

[Increase of immunogenicity of cold-adapted influenza vaccine by using adjuvant].

Aim: To assess increase of protective efficacy of live cold-adapted (ca) influenza vaccine after addition of adjuvant chitozan.

Materials And Methods: Used viruses: ca donor of attenuation A/Krasnodar/101/35/59 (H2N2) and epidemic strain A/Krasnodar/101/59 (H2N2); as an adjuvant--derivative of chitozan and microparticles of chitozan. Experiments were performed in outbred mice.

[Effects of inguinal hernioplasty mesh implant on reproductive function].

In vivo experiment involved 95 white breedless male rats of pubertal age. The animals were divided in three groups: 1st group had unilateral hernioplasty with mesh implant; 2nd group had bilateral mesh implantation and 3rd group had animals with hernioplasty with lavsan thread. The results were assessed with the use of morphological method, the state of reproductive organs - with the use of biological method and compared with the control (intact) group.

[Chitosan as an adjuvant for inactivated vaccines against avian influenza viruses].

Aim: To study chitozan as an adjuvant for inactivated vaccines against A/H5 influenza viruses.

Materials And Methods: Avian A/H5 influenza viruses were grown on chicken embryos or on MDCK cell line; viruses-containing fluid was inactivated with formalin. Mice were vaccinated intramuscularly with inactivated avian influenza virus mixed with chitozan and then levels of hemagglutination-inhibiting and neutralizing antibodies as well as protective efficacy against both homologous and drifted strains of avian influenza viruses A/H5 were measured.

Evaluation of properties of chitosan as an adjuvant for inactivated influenza vaccines administered parenterally.

Studies on mice showed that chitosan as an adjuvant for H5 inactivated influenza vaccines administered intramuscularly enhances significantly antibody titers and protective efficiency not only against homologous influenza viruses, but also against drift variants. Chitosan adjuvanted vaccines induced high antibody titers after a single immunization and with a low dose of antigen. High antibody titers remained for at least 6 months.

[Chitosan as an adjuvant for parenteral inactivated influenza vaccines].

Addition of 0.5% chitosan derivative to parenteral inactivated influenza vaccines increased antibody titers in the single immunization of mice by 4-5 times while double immunization showed 6-to-10-fold increases as compared with immunization without chitosan. Moreover, chitosan-containing vaccines induced the generation of antibodies to the drift variants of influenza virus.

Chitosan as an adjuvant for parenterally administered inactivated influenza vaccines.

The addition of 0.5% of a chitosan derivative to inactivated influenza vaccines injected parenterally resulted in a four or six to tenfold increase in antibody titres after a single-dose or two-dose intramuscular immunization of mice, respectively, in comparison with antibody titres after immunization without chitosan. Chitosan-adjuvanted vaccines enhanced antibody titers against drift variants of A- and B-type human influenza viruses four to six times compared with the vaccines without chitosan.

[Method of laparoscopic treatment of gastroesophageal reflux with mesh implant].

Modern potential of endoscopic surgery promoted expansion of indications for surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The majority of laparoscopic methods has a number of significant disadvantages. Methods of laparoscopic treatment of gastroesophageal reflux using the implant with partial anterior fundoplication or without it were developed.

[Target delivery of functional genes in gene therapy using carbohydrate containing vectors].

Various aspects of use of specific interactions with a participation of carbohydrate and oligosaccharide ligands to increase an efficiency of gene transfer into eukaryotic cells (including in vivo experiments) are considered in details. Data on addressed gene delivery with applying carbohydrate-containing ligands (such as asialoglycoproteins and galactosides) are discussed in the paper. Results on the usage of glycoside ligands, containing lactose, mannose, glucose residues, for receptor-mediated gene transfer, are analysed.