Association of Circulating Extracellular Matrix Components with Central Hemodynamics and Arterial Distensibility of Peripheral Arteries.

Background: In addition to neuronal and endothelial regulators of vascular tone, the passive mechanical properties of arteries, determined by the molecular structure of extracellular matrices, are the principle modulators of vascular distensibility. Specifically, the association between collagen type IV (Col IV), a constituent of basement membrane, and arterial compliance remains unclear.

Methods: In 31 healthy adult men, radial applanation tonometry and pulse wave analysis were used to assess aortic augmentation index (AIx), aortic-to-radial pulse pressure amplification (PPAmpl), and time to reflection wave.

Cardiorespiratory Coordination in Hypercapnic Test Before and After High-Altitude Expedition.

Coordination of cardiovascular and respiratory systems enables a wide range of human adaptation and depends upon the functional state of an individual organism. Hypoxia is known to elicit changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide sensitivity, while training alters cardiorespiratory coordination (CRC). The delayed effect of high altitude (HA) acclimatization on CRC in mountaineers remains unknown.

Effect of Acute Hypoxia on Cardiorespiratory Coherence in Male Runners.

Understanding the mechanisms of oxygen supply regulation, which involves the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, during human adaptation to intense physical activity, accompanied by hypoxemia, is important for the management of a training process. The objectives of this study were to investigate the cardiorespiratory coherence (CRC) changes in the low-frequency band in response to hypoxic exposure and to verify a dependence of these changes upon sports qualification level in athletes. Twenty male runners aged 17-25 years were exposed to acute normobaric hypoxia (10% O) for 10 min.

[Exercise for depression treatment. Physiological mechanisms].

This literature review considers meta-analyzes, systematic reviews and original research over the last decade addressing a comprehensive analysis of the antidepressant effect of targeted physical exercise and physical activity in general. Exercise is a promising non-pharmacological treatment for depression, showing effects that are comparable or may even exceed other first-line treatments of depression. The article introduces modern ideas about the mechanisms of depression and mechanisms of exercise effects on depression manifestations.

Associations of Del 301-303 alpha2B-adrenoceptor gene polymorphism with central hemodynamic parameters in the northern Russian population.

The ADRA2B gene 301-303 I/D polymorphism is associated with various cardiovascular phenotypes. However, an association of genotypes with the timing structure of cardiac cycle remains unclear. The central hemodynamic parameters were assessed by pulse wave analysis in 63 residents of the Kola Peninsula (68 N) aged 27-65 yr.

Baseline values of cardiovascular and respiratory parameters predict response to acute hypoxia in young healthy men.

The majority of the available works have studied distinct hypoxic responses of respiratory and cardiovascular systems. This study examines how these systems interact while responding to hypoxia and whether baseline metrics moderate reactions to a hypoxic challenge. Central hemodynamic, aortic wave reflection, and gas exchange parameters were measured in 27 trained young men before and after 10-min normobaric isocapnic hypoxia (10 % O2).

[The Effect of Audiovisual Stimulation on Psychological and Physiological Functions in Athletes].

We studied the psychophysiological status (cognitive, psychoemotional and neurodynamic parameters), the power spectrum of EEG and heart rate variability of 18-23-year-old athletes, before and after a course of audiovisual stimulation (AVS) (experimental group) in comparison with sportsmen who did not receive AVS (control group). It was shown that a course of AVS (experimental group) has positive effect on psycho-emotional parameters (the levels of anxiety and neuroticism decreased; motivation to make progress and the level of hardiness increased), cognitive and neurodynamic parameters (the capacity of mechanical memory, the speed of attention switching and of a simple sensor-motor response increase; the range of fluctuation of reactions to a moving object is reduced). We also observed an increase in the power of α2 rhythm of EEG, the activity of parasympathetic nervous system and the influence of autonomic circuit of regulation in the experimental group; resting cardiac performance was more conservative as compared with the control group.

[Physiological Basis of the Improvement of Movement Accuracy with the Use of Stabilographic Training with Biological Feedback].

We studied the physiological parameters of ball hitting by volleyball players in unsupported position and opportunities for their improvement by training with biological feedback. Physiological and biomechanical parameters of a direct attack hit from supported position correlate with biomechanical features ofjump shots. At the same time, the physiological basis of accuracy of shots consists of the improvement of trunk and arm movement coordination in the flight phase, the factors of intramuscular and intermuscular coordination of the hitting arm and the change in the displacement of the center of pressure.

Limb muscle hemodynamics and arterial distensibility depend on atmospheric pressure in hypertensive men.

Objective: To verify whether peripheral blood circulation and arterial wall distensibility are influenced by atmospheric pressure (AtPr) and to examine if their association is dependent on age and/or sex.

Methods: Associations among natural AtPr levels (on the examination day as well as 1 and 2 days prior), limb muscle hemodynamics, and distensibility of conduit arteries were retrospectively examined in an observational study of 276 untreated patients with primary moderate hypertension (mean age 56.4 years, 194 men).

Temperature homeostatis and work efficiency in the cold.

The data concerning thermal homeostasis maintenance and energy cost of muscle work in a cold environment and at cold adaptation are presented. It was shown that 10 days' experimental acclimatizing to cold at daily two hour +13 degrees C sessions result in different individual adaptive forms, "euthermic" and "hypothermic", which have specific thermogenesis and body shell vascular reactions in a cold environment. Complex investigations were made on selected groups of people on the basis of professional work with the count of cold exposure time and level of muscular activity in cold.

Seasonality bias in adverse pregnancy outcomes in Siberia.

Objective: To examine which months are unfavourable for conception in the region with the severe continental climate.

Design: Retrospective population based study.

Methods: Monthly data on incidence rate for gestose, maternal anaemia, pyelonephritis, threat to spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, perinatal death and infant death at age under one year were extracted from medical records of obstetric, delivery, and paediatric hospitals in Novosibirsk (1976-1980), Norilsk (Taimir peninsula), and Mirny (western Yakutia).

Physiological mechanisms of adaptation and disadaptation in the North.

Structural change of northern populations (in constitutions, psychotypes and adaptive types) results from natural selection of people most effectively adapted to the North and readapted ones, i.e. having good adaptive capacity for these specific conditions.

Estimation of functional state and labour efficiency of shift workers in conditions of the Far North.

Objectives: Shift work is an expeditionary method, and it has become quite common for the maintenance of industrial process in the Far North. In spite of good equipment and a high professional standard of the medical personnel in the majority of northern enterprises, the level of morbidity tends to increase. The aims of our work were to evaluate the psychophysiological alterations in shift-workers during transit labour.

Health condition of Siberian population (medical ecological analysis).

Objectives: The aim of the investigation is to show, with the help of various scientific approaches, the Siberian population's state of health for the last years.

Method: On the basis of results of a large cycle of population investigations of people in different zones of Siberia--shift workers, inhabitants of ecologically adverse regions, schoolchildren in sensitive periods of development--we discovered disorders of adaptive processes that are accompanied by a decrease of mental stability, readjustment of physiological regulation mechanisms and exhaustion of functional reserves of the organism.

Results And Conclusions: The significant changes registered everywhere of the condition of health of the adult and children population in the centres of ecological risk and trouble call more and more urgently for considering the condition of health an economic category, and the quality of health of the population a limiting factor of the strategy of social-economic development of the territories of Siberia.

Development of children from urban and rural areas of West Siberia.

Four hundred and twenty three Slavic children aged 4-9 were tested for age sex-tape related physiological features, the effects of residence (urban vs. rural), kindergarten or school establishments on physical development. The data obtained indicated that total body dimensions decreased in preschool and school age children from 1989-1999.

Compensatory mechanisms of incomplete adaptation.

"Incomplete adaptation" (IA), as a phenomenon, is characterised by the replacement of adaptive state for compensatory physiological reactions and by the production of a suboptimal strategy of adaptation. Some laboratory investigations modulating the effect of extreme environmental factors (cold, hypoxia, shift of biological rhythms) on healthy persons as well as psychophysiological investigations of transit workers at northern plants were performed. IA is maintaining due to high plasticity of neurophysiological mechanisms of regulation, connection of central mechanisms of compensation and use of functional reserves of main homeostatic systems (cardiovascular, respiratory, oxygen-saturating, thermoregulating).

Ten-day cold exposures develop adaptation-compensatory mechanisms of regulation of heat exchange and breathing.

The purpose of the study was to determine types of general cold adaptation and to reveal adaptation-compensatory regulation mechanisms of heat exchange and breathing. 24 healthy subjects were tested. Thermoregulation and gas exchange was measured before, during and after a 10-day cold exposure (13 degrees C, 2 h).

Physical development in Tuvinian adolescents.

It was found that mean values of height and mass in 13-14-year-old indigenous Tuvinian children were increased for the last 26 years. We have found gender difference in a chronological dynamics of a yearly body mass and height increases. As for the last ten years, these changes correspond to a harmonic physical development only for the boys of 13.

Psychological health, physical development and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity in Siberian adolescents.

Cultural and biological influences on psychological health were examined in 256 schoolchildren, aged 13 to 17 years, in Novosibirsk, Russia. Children's competence and problems were assessed using the Youth Self-Report (YSR), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Teacher's Report Form (TRF). Compared with Americans, Siberian children scored lower on competencies and higher on somatic complaints.

Psycho-physiological mechanisms of adaptation of rotation personnel in Arctic regions.

Transit workers (240 oil industry workers, aged 19-50) living in the European part of Russia and flying to work in the northern regions of West Siberia (Tyumen district) were observed. Psychological status was determined by the method of Taylor. Biological rhythms, chemical control of ventilation, oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) consumption, body temperature, and hormone-metabolic data were assessed.

Ecological and physiological aspects of transit work.

The organism of transit workers is overloaded after repeated translocation on long distances. Power work capacity (PWC), biological rhythms and psycho-emotional tension were studied in 240 transit workers flying to work from the Ukraine to West Siberia. Decreased PWC, disturbed diurnal rhythm, and increased emotional tension were found to be related to the increase in transit work service.