Psychomotor Vigilance Test and Its Association With Daytime Sleepiness and Inflammation in Sleep Apnea: Clinical Implications.

Study Objectives: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a key symptom of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) has been suggested as an objective easy-to-use, inexpensive alternative to the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) to measure EDS. In patients with OSA, physiological sleepiness, but not subjective EDS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS]), has been associated with increased levels of the sleep- inducing proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6).

Objective, but Not Subjective, Sleepiness is Associated With Inflammation in Sleep Apnea.

Study Objectives: Objective and subjective measures of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) are only weakly associated. No study, however, has examined whether these two measures of EDS differ in terms of underlying mechanisms and prognostic value. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, that is, interleukin-6 (IL-6) appear to promote sleepiness/fatigue, while the stress hormone cortisol promotes vigilance.

Sleep apnoea and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in men and women: effects of continuous positive airway pressure.

Previous findings on the association of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are inconsistent, partly due to the confounding effect of obesity and infrequent sampling. Our goal was to examine whether in a relatively nonobese population, OSA is associated with elevated cortisol levels and to assess the effects of a 2-month placebo-controlled continuous positive airway pressure (sham-CPAP) use.72 subjects (35 middle-aged males and post-menopausal females with OSA, and 37 male and female controls) were studied in the sleep laboratory for four nights.

Natural history of excessive daytime sleepiness: role of obesity, weight loss, depression, and sleep propensity.

Study Objectives: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is highly prevalent in the general population and is associated with occupational and public safety hazards. However, no study has examined the clinical and polysomnographic (PSG) predictors of the natural history of EDS.

Design: Representative longitudinal study.

Gender differences in the association of sleep apnea and inflammation.

Over the last 15years, many studies have established an association of sleep apnea with inflammation and metabolic aberrations. However, no controlled studies have examined potential gender effects in this association. We recruited 120 middle-aged, predominantly non-obese mild-to-moderate sleep apneics and controls (62 males, 58 females).

The inhibition of aromatase alters the mechanical and rheological properties of non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines affecting cell migration.

Tumor invasion and metastasis are key aspects of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). During migration, cells undergo mechanical alterations. The mechanical phenotype of breast cancer cells is correlated with aromatase gene expression.

Characteristics and survival to discharge of patients with STEMI between a PPCI-capable hospital and a non-PPCI hospital: a prospective observational study.

Introduction: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is a key therapeutic method in the treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We studied the characteristics and survival to discharge in STEMI patients who presented in a PPCI-capable hospital and a non-PPCI hospital.

Patients And Methods: This prospective observational study included 240 consecutive patients.

The combination of antitumor drugs, exemestane and erlotinib, induced resistance mechanism in H358 and A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines.

Abstract Context: Estrogens in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are important, and their interaction with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) might be crucial. Objective: This study investigates the effect of exemestane, an aromatase inhibitor, and erlotinib, an EGFR inhibitor, on human NSCLC cell lines; H23, H358 and A549. Materials and methods: A cell proliferation assay was used for measuring cell number, apoptosis assay for detecting apoptosis and necrosis and immunoblotting for beclin-1 and Bcl-2 proteins detection.

Unveiling the longitudinal association between short sleep duration and the incidence of obesity: the Penn State Cohort.

Objective: Several epidemiologic, longitudinal studies have reported that short sleep duration is a risk factor for the incidence of obesity. However, the vast majority of these studies used self-reported measures of sleep duration and did not examine the role of objective short sleep duration, subjective sleep disturbances and emotional stress.

Design: Longitudinal, population-based study.

Effects of recovery sleep after one work week of mild sleep restriction on interleukin-6 and cortisol secretion and daytime sleepiness and performance.

One workweek of mild sleep restriction adversely impacts sleepiness, performance, and proinflammatory cytokines. Many individuals try to overcome these adverse effects by extending their sleep on weekends. To assess whether extended recovery sleep reverses the effects of mild sleep restriction on sleepiness/alertness, inflammation, and stress hormones, 30 healthy young men and women (mean age ± SD, 24.

Sleep apnoea, sleepiness, inflammation and insulin resistance in middle-aged males and females.

In obese males obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with inflammation and insulin resistance; however, findings are confounded by adipose tissue, a hormone- and cytokine-secreting organ. Our goal was to examine whether in a relatively nonobese population, OSA is associated with sleepiness and inflammation/insulin resistance, and to assess the effects of a 2-month placebo-controlled continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use. 77 subjects, 38 middle-aged males and post-menopausal females with OSA and 39 male and female controls, were studied in the sleep laboratory for 4 nights.

Performance evaluation of an Artificial Neural Network automatic spindle detection system.

Sleep spindles are transient waveforms found in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Sleep spindles are used for the classification of sleep stages and have been studied in the context of various psychiatric and neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the so-called Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), which is considered to be a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia. The visual processing of whole-night sleep EEG recordings is tedious.

Sleep apnoea and visceral adiposity in middle-aged male and female subjects.

In obese male subjects, visceral adiposity has been associated with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), while studies in overweight males and females are limited. Our goal was to examine the association between OSA and visceral fat in a relatively nonobese population and assess the effects of 2 months placebo-controlled continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use on abdominal fat. 81 subjects, 22 middle-aged males and 20 post-menopausal females with OSA, and 19 male and 20 female controls were studied in the sleep laboratory for four nights.

Antiproliferative effect of exemestane in lung cancer cells.

Background: Recent evidence suggests that estrogen signaling may be involved in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Aromatase is an enzyme complex that catalyses the final step in estrogen synthesis and is present in several tissues, including the lung. In the current study we investigated the activity of the aromatase inhibitor exemestane in human NSCLC cell lines H23 and A549.