Prediction models for COVID-19 disease outcomes.

SARS-CoV-2 has caused over 6.9 million deaths and continues to produce lasting health consequences. COVID-19 manifests broadly from no symptoms to death.

SerpinB3/4 Expression Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), the second most common primary liver tumor, is associated with a dismal outcome, and useful prognostic markers are not currently available in clinical practice. SerpinB3, a serine protease inhibitor, was recently found to play a relevant role in malignant transformation in different cancers. The aim of the present study was to determine the expression of SerpinB3/4 in tissue and serum samples of patients with CCA in relation to clinical outcomes.

Assessment of a large language model's utility in helping pathology professionals answer general knowledge pathology questions.

Objectives: To assess the utility and performance of the large language model ChatGPT 4.0 regarding accuracy, completeness, and its potential as a time-saving tool for pathologists and laboratory directors.

Methods: A deidentified database of questions previously sent to pathology residents from health care providers was used as a source of general knowledge-type pathology questions.

Impact of perioperative chemotherapy on survival in patients with cholangiocarcinoma undergoing curative resection.

Background: Most patients with localized cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) endure cancer relapse after curative resection underscoring the importance of systemic therapy. The current study attempts to determine the impact of perioperative chemotherapy (PC) on survival in patients with CCA undergoing resection.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with CCA undergoing curative-intent resection between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2019, in a tertiary care center were included.

CS-iCCA, A New Clinically Based Staging System for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Establishment and External Validation.

Introduction: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a primary liver malignancy with poor prognosis. Current prognostic methods are most accurate for patients with surgically resectable disease. However, a significant proportion of patients with iCCA are not surgical candidates.

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-Mutated Cholangiocarcinoma: Natural History and Clinical Outcomes.

Purpose: Clinical-pathologic features and natural history of patients with ()-mutant intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are not well characterized. Here, we sought to describe the natural history, clinical phenotype, and prognostic impact of advanced, -mutated CCA.

Methods: We conducted a multicentric, retrospective analysis of patients with -mutated (IDH1 or IDH2) CCA between 2010 and 2020.

Aspirin and Statin Use and the Risk of Gallbladder Cancer.

Aspirin and statin drugs have been associated with reduced risk of several gastrointestinal cancers, but their association with gallbladder cancer (GBC) has not been well established. We evaluated the association of aspirin and statins with the risk of GBC. Patients with GBC managed at Mayo Clinic between 2000 and 2019 were matched 1:2 with a general patient pool by age and sex.

BALAD and BALAD-2 predict survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients: a North American cohort study.

Background: The BALAD score and BALAD-2 class derived from bilirubin, albumin, AFP, AFP-L3, and des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) are effective in predicting mortality in HCC, but have not been validated in North America.

Methods: 148 HCC patients from 2000 to 2015 who had all five biomarkers tested at diagnosis were included. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated.

Lymphocyte to monocyte ratio-based nomogram for predicting outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib.

Background: The ability of the pretreatment lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) to predict outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving sorafenib is not conclusively determined.

Methods: We retrospectively studied patients treated with sorafenib for HCC in two tertiary referral centres in Asia and North America. Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic marker in metastatic gallbladder cancer.

Background: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been used as an inflammation based prognostic marker for various malignancies. This study evaluated the association between NLR and overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic gallbladder cancer (GBC) METHODS: An optimal cut off point for NLR was identified by plotting spline-based hazard ratio curves to identify a threshold effect and patients were divided into two groups, ≥5 or <5. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted for NLR≥5 and NLR<5 and OS between the two groups.

A Novel Clinically Based Staging System for Gallbladder Cancer.

Background: Current staging systems for gallbladder cancer (GBC) are primarily based on surgical pathology and therefore are not relevant for unresectable patients and those undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods: Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of GBC managed at a tertiary referral center (2000-2016) were included. Independent predictors of overall survival (OS) were identified using multivariable analysis (MVA).