The protein cargo of extracellular vesicles correlates with the epigenetic aging clock of exercise sensitive DNAmFitAge.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are implicated in inter-organ communication, which becomes particularly relevant during aging and exercise. DNA methylation-based aging clocks reflect lifestyle and environmental factors, while regular exercise is known to induce adaptive responses, including epigenetic adaptations. Twenty individuals with High-fitness (aged 57.

Effect of the 35 nm and 70 nm Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) Column and Plasma Storage Time on Separated Extracellular Vesicles.

The technical difficulty of separating extracellular vesicles (EVs) from plasma proteins in human blood presents a significant hurdle in EV research, particularly during nano ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis, where detecting "vesicular" proteins among abundant plasma proteins is challenging. Standardisation is a pressing issue in EV research, prompting collaborative global efforts to address it. While the MISEV guidelines offer valuable recommendations, unanswered questions remain, particularly regarding sample storage.

Analysis of Genetic and MRI Changes, Blood Markers, and Risk Factors in a Twin Pair Discordant of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy.

: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disease, a tauopathy, which results in a wide clinical spectrum of neurological symptoms. The diagnosis is mostly based on clinical signs and neuroimaging; however, possible biomarkers for screening have been under investigation, and the role of the gut microbiome is unknown. The aim of our study was to identify potential blood biomarkers and observe variations in the gut microbiome within a PSP discordant monozygotic twin pair.

Dynamic Interplay in Tumor Ecosystems: Communication between Hepatoma Cells and Fibroblasts.

Tumors are intricate ecosystems where cancer cells and non-malignant stromal cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), engage in complex communication. In this study, we investigated the interaction between poorly (HLE) and well-differentiated (HuH7) hepatoma cells and LX2 fibroblasts. We explored various communication channels, including soluble factors, metabolites, extracellular vesicles (EVs), and miRNAs.

Differential impact of exportin-1-mediated nuclear export of RNAs on the RNA content of extracellular vesicle subpopulations.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed subcellular structures released by all cell types. EVs have important roles in both cellular homeostasis and intercellular communication. Recent progress in the field revealed substantial heterogeneity of EVs even within the size-based EV categories.

Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Metastasis Suppressors NME1 and NME2 Modify Lipid Metabolism in Fibroblasts.

Nowadays, extracellular vesicles (EVs) raise a great interest as they are implicated in intercellular communication between cancer and stromal cells. Our aim was to understand how vesicular NME1 and NME2 released by breast cancer cells influence the tumour microenvironment. As a model, we used human invasive breast carcinoma cells overexpressing NME1 or NME2, and first analysed in detail the presence of both isoforms in EV subtypes by capillary Western immunoassay (WES) and immunoelectron microscopy.

Circulating cardiomyocyte-derived extracellular vesicles reflect cardiac injury during systemic inflammatory response syndrome in mice.

The release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is increased under cellular stress and cardiomyocyte damaging conditions. However, whether the cardiomyocyte-derived EVs eventually reach the systemic circulation and whether their number in the bloodstream reflects cardiac injury, remains unknown. Wild type C57B/6 and conditional transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) by cardiomyocytes were studied in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).

An implanted device enables in vivo monitoring of extracellular vesicle-mediated spread of pro-inflammatory mast cell response in mice.

Mast cells have been shown to release extracellular vesicles (EVs) in vitro. However, EV-mediated mast cell communication in vivo remains unexplored. Primary mast cells from GFP-transgenic and wild type mice, were grown in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the secreted EVs were separated from the conditioned media.

Extracellular vesicles transmit epithelial growth factor activity in the intestinal stem cell niche.

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane-surrounded vesicles that represent a novel way of intercellular communication by carrying biologically important molecules in a concentrated and protected form. The intestinal epithelium is continuously renewed by a small proliferating intestinal stem cell (ISC) population, residing at the bottom of the intestinal crypts in a specific microenvironment, the stem cell niche. By using 3D mouse and human intestinal organoids, we show that intestinal fibroblast-derived EVs are involved in forming the ISC niche by transmitting Wnt and epidermal growth factor (EGF) activity.

Radio-detoxified LPS alters bone marrow-derived extracellular vesicles and endothelial progenitor cells.

Stem cell-based therapies raise hope for cell replacement and provide opportunity for cardiac regenerative medicine and tumor therapy. Extracellular vesicles are a membrane-enclosed intercellular delivery system with the potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment of a variety of disorders. As the incidence of breast cancer continues to rise, radiotherapy has emerged as a leading treatment modality.

Extracellular vesicle release from intestinal organoids is modulated by Apc mutation and other colorectal cancer progression factors.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-surrounded structures that transmit biologically important molecules from the releasing to target cells, thus providing a novel intercellular communication mechanism. Since EVs carry their cargo in a protected form and their secretion is generally increased in tumorigenesis, EVs hold a great potential for early cancer diagnosis. By 3D culturing, we provide evidence that colorectal cancer (CRC) patient-derived organoids, representing a state-of-the-art established and essential approach for studying human CRC, is a suitable model for EV analysis.

release of MVB-like small extracellular vesicle clusters by colorectal carcinoma cells.

Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane enclosed structures that are usually released from cells upon exocytosis of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) as a collection of separate, free EVs. In this study, we analysed paraffin embedded sections of archived human colorectal cancer samples. We studied 3D reconstructions of confocal microscopic images complemented by HyVolution and STED imaging.

Detection and proteomic characterization of extracellular vesicles in human pancreatic juice.

Aims: The prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer has remained virtually unchanged with a high mortality rate compared to other types of cancers. An earlier detection would provide a time window of opportunity for treatment and prevention of deaths. In the present study we investigated extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer by directly assessing EV size-based subpopulations in pancreatic juice samples of patients with chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer.

Mesenteric lymph node stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles contribute to peripheral de novo induction of Foxp3 regulatory T cells.

Intestinal regulatory T cells (Tregs) are fundamental in peripheral tolerance toward commensals and food-borne antigens. Accordingly, gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) represent a site of efficient peripheral de novo Treg induction when compared to skin-draining peripheral LNs (pLNs), and we had recently shown that LN stromal cells substantially contribute to this process. Here, we aimed to unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms and generated immortalized fibroblastic reticular cell lines (iFRCs) from mLNs and pLNs, allowing unlimited investigation of this rare stromal cell subset.

Antibiotic-induced release of small extracellular vesicles (exosomes) with surface-associated DNA.

Recently, biological roles of extracellular vesicles (which include among others exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies) have attracted substantial attention in various fields of biomedicine. Here we investigated the impact of sustained exposure of cells to the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin on the released extracellular vesicles. Ciprofloxacin is widely used in humans against bacterial infections as well as in cell cultures against Mycoplasma contamination.

Evaluation and diagnostic potential of circulating extracellular vesicle-associated microRNAs in adrenocortical tumors.

There is no available blood marker for the preoperative diagnosis of adrenocortical malignancy. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of extracellular vesicle-associated microRNAs and their diagnostic potential in plasma samples of patients suffering from adrenocortical tumors. Extracellular vesicles were isolated either by using Total Exosome Isolation Kit or by differential centrifugation/ultracentrifugation.

[Extracellular vesicles and their role in hematological malignancies].

Extracellular vesicles are produced in all organisms. The most intensively investigated categories of extracellular vesicles include apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and exosomes. Among a very wide range of areas, their role has been confirmed in intercellular communication, immune response and angiogenesis (in both physiological and pathological conditions).

Radiolabeling of Extracellular Vesicles with (99m)Tc for Quantitative In Vivo Imaging Studies.

The biodistribution of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a fundamental question in the field of circulating biomarkers, which has recently gained attention. Despite the capabilities of nuclear imaging methods, such as single-photon emission computed tomography, radioisotope labeling of EVs and the use of the aforementioned methods for in vivo studies hardly can be found in the literature. In this article, the authors describe a novel method for the radioisotope labeling of erythrocyte-derived EVs using the (99m)Tc-tricarbonyl complex.

Low-density lipoprotein mimics blood plasma-derived exosomes and microvesicles during isolation and detection.

Circulating extracellular vesicles have emerged as potential new biomarkers in a wide variety of diseases. Despite the increasing interest, their isolation and purification from body fluids remains challenging. Here we studied human pre-prandial and 4 hours postprandial platelet-free blood plasma samples as well as human platelet concentrates.

Differential detergent sensitivity of extracellular vesicle subpopulations.

Extracellular vesicles (including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies) are currently attracting rapidly increasing attention from various fields of biology due to their ability to carry complex information and act as autocrine, paracrine and even endocrine intercellular messengers. In the present study we investigated the sensitivity of size-based subpopulations of extracellular vesicles to different concentrations of detergents including sodium dodecyl sulphate, Triton X-100, Tween 20 and deoxycholate. We determined the required detergent concentration that lysed each of the vesicle subpopulations secreted by Jurkat, THP-1, MiaPaCa and U937 human cell lines.

Improved characterization of EV preparations based on protein to lipid ratio and lipid properties.

In recent years the study of extracellular vesicles has gathered much scientific and clinical interest. As the field is expanding, it is becoming clear that better methods for characterization and quantification of extracellular vesicles as well as better standards to compare studies are warranted. The goal of the present work was to find improved parameters to characterize extracellular vesicle preparations.

Oxidative and other posttranslational modifications in extracellular vesicle biology.

Extracellular vesicles including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic vesicles, are phospholipid bilayer surrounded structures secreted by cells universally, in an evolutionarily conserved fashion. Posttranslational modifications such as oxidation, citrullination, phosphorylation and glycosylation play diverse roles in extracellular vesicle biology. Posttranslational modifications orchestrate the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles.

Critical role of extracellular vesicles in modulating the cellular effects of cytokines.

Under physiological and pathological conditions, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are present in the extracellular compartment simultaneously with soluble mediators. We hypothesized that cytokine effects may be modulated by EVs, the recently recognized conveyors of intercellular messages. In order to test this hypothesis, human monocyte cells were incubated with CCRF acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line-derived EVs with or without the addition of recombinant human TNF, and global gene expression changes were analyzed.

Cardioprotection by remote ischemic preconditioning of the rat heart is mediated by extracellular vesicles.

Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) of the heart is exerted by brief ischemic insults affected on a remote organ or a remote area of the heart before a sustained cardiac ischemia. To date, little is known about the inter-organ transfer mechanisms of cardioprotection by RIPC. Exosomes and microvesicles/microparticles are vesicles of 30-100 nm and 100-1000 nm in diameter, respectively (collectively termed extracellular vesicles [EVs]).