A multicentre survey of the antibiotic susceptibility of clinical Bacteroides species from Hungary.

Background: The species of the Bacteroides fragilis group are important components of human microbiota, but as opportunistic pathogens they can be the causative agents of severe infections.

Methods: The major aims of our investigation were the evaluation of the susceptibility of 400 different Hungarian B. fragilis group isolates to 10 antibiotics by the agar dilution method, the comparison of our resistance data with previous national and international antibiotic resistance data and the comparison of present data in regional aspect.

Molecular characterisation of multidrug-resistant Bacteroides isolates from Hungarian clinical samples.

Objectives: Members of the Bacteroides fragilis group are the most important components of the normal human gut microbiota, however these bacteria can also cause severe infections. Due to frequent use of antibiotics, the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains is a real threat worldwide.

Methods: In a multicentre study, 400 Bacteroides isolates from five Hungarian microbiology laboratories were cultured and were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS).

MALDI-TOF MS versus 16S rRNA sequencing: Minor discrepancy between tools in identification of Bacteroides isolates.

Members of the genus Bacteroides are important components of the normal microbiota of gastrointestinal tract; however, as opportunistic pathogens are also associated with severe or even life-threatening infections with significant mortality. Various species within Bacteroides fragilis group are phenotypically very similar; thus, their identifications with traditional-automated biochemical methods are frequently inaccurate. The identification of the newly discovered or reclassified bacteria can be doubtful because of the lack of biochemical profile in the database of these tests.

Detection of enterotoxin and protease genes among Hungarian clinical Bacteroides fragilis isolates.

Bacteroides fragilis as a commensal bacterium is a member of the human intestinal flora, but as an opportunistic pathogen it can cause serious infections as well. Some of them, harbouring an enterotoxin gene (bft), may cause diarrhoea mainly in young children. Recently it has been shown that a member of C11 proteases called fragipain (fpn) can activate the enterotoxin, while C10 protease (bfp) is suspected of playing an important role in the invasiveness of the B.

In vitro antibiotic susceptibility profile of Clostridium difficile excluding PCR ribotype 027 outbreak strain in Hungary.

Our study showed the antibiotic susceptibility profile of toxigenic Clostridium difficile isolated from nosocomial and community-acquired CDI between 2008 and 2010. MICs of 200 C. difficile strains were determined using E®test method in the case of erythromycin, clindamycin, moxifloxacin, rifampicin, and metronidazole.

Comparison of prevalence of toxoplasma and cytomegalovirus infection in cases with fetal ultrasound markers in the second trimester of pregnancy.

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of toxoplasma and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in cases of ultrasound anomalies detected in the second trimester of pregnancy.

Methods: Serological examinations for toxoplasma and CMV infection were carried out in 655 cases with sonographic findings suggestive of fetal infection, 612 cases with single ultrasound markers and 43 cases with two or more markers.

Results: In cases of single ultrasound markers, serological examination diagnosed recent toxoplasma infection in 107/612 cases (17.

[Microbiological and serological diagnostic methods to detect intrauterine and perinatal infections].

Due to the revolutional development in sampling devices, transport media, automated equipments, microvolume probes and molecular microbiological techniques in the last decade new possibilities have become available for diagnosing microbiologically congenital infections in both the mother and the foetus and the newborn. This minireview gives an insight into the diagnostic tuls of clinical microbiology and infection serology by showing laboratory diagnostic processes of most frequent protozoal, viral and bacterial infections step-by-step. It exhibit an almost complete list of transplacental, intrauterinal and connatal infections.