Linguistic Differences Based on Gender and Race in Urology Application Personal Statements: A Comparison of 2017 and 2023 Applications.

While diversity and inclusion efforts have increased in urology, comparative analysis of personal statements from 2016-2017 and 2022-2023 residency applications showed few linguistic changes over time by gender or race/ethnicity. These results suggest the need for directed efforts to engage, mentor, and coach females and underrepresented minorities during medical school and the urology application process.

Variation in bony landmarks and predictors of success with sacral neuromodulation.

Introduction And Hypothesis: We assessed variations in sacral anatomy and lead placement as predictors of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) success. Based solely on bony landmarks, we also assessed the accuracy of the 9 and 2 protocol for locating S3.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study performed from October 2008 to December 2016 at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Implementation of medical scribes in an academic urology practice: an analysis of productivity, revenue, and satisfaction.

Purpose: Pressure on physicians to increase productivity is rising in parallel with administrative tasks, regulations, and the use of electronic health records (EHRs). Physician extenders and clinical pathways are already in use to increase productivity and reduce costs and burnout, but other strategies are required. We evaluated whether implementation of medical scribes in an academic urology clinic would affect productivity, revenue, and patient/provider satisfaction.

Urinary Tract Infection and Neurogenic Bladder.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are frequent, recurrent, and lifelong for patients with neurogenic bladder and present challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Patients often present without classic symptoms of UTI but with abdominal or back pain, increased spasticity, and urinary incontinence. Failure to recognize and treat infections can quickly lead to life-threatening autonomic dysreflexia or sepsis, whereas overtreatment contributes to antibiotic resistance, thus limiting future treatment options.

Trends and Patterns of Urodynamic Studies in U.S. Males, 2000-2012.

Objective: To evaluate trends in urodynamic procedures in the U.S. males from 2000-2012 and determine if a 2010 decline in reimbursement was associated with decreased utilization.

Levels of Evidence and Clinical Guidelines-Considerations for the Practicing Urologist.

Introduction: It is important for urologists to remain up-to-date regarding research and clinical guidelines within their specialty. This has become increasingly difficult as the volume of research increases while the quality of evidence has not followed suit. It is, therefore, important for urologists to understand the methodology of critical appraisal of evidence, for both the assessment of individual journal articles as well as the construction of organizational clinical guidelines.

Urinary diversion in patients with spinal cord injury in the United States.

Objective: To describe the patterns in the use of bladder augmentation and urinary diversion to manage urologic sequelae among patients with spinal cord injury in the United States.

Materials And Methods: Discharge estimates were derived from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. All patients underwent bladder augmentation or ileal conduit diversion from 1998 to 2005 and had a diagnosis of spinal cord injury.

Stone forming risk factors in patients with type Ia glycogen storage disease.

Purpose: Patients with type Ia glycogen storage disease have an increased recurrent nephrolithiasis rate. We identified stone forming risk factors in patients with type Ia glycogen storage disease vs those in stone formers without the disease.

Materials And Methods: Patients with type Ia glycogen storage disease were prospectively enrolled from our metabolic clinic.

Levels of evidence ratings in the urological literature: an assessment of interobserver agreement.

Objective: To determine to what extent urologists with no specific training agree upon level of evidence (LoE) ratings of studies published in the urological literature, as LoE are commonly referenced as a measure of evidence quality.

Materials And Methods: In all, 86 clinical research studies published in four major urology journals were reviewed. Each article was independently reviewed by eight reviewers using a standardized data abstraction form.

A randomized, controlled trial evaluating 2 techniques of postoperative bladder testing after transvaginal surgery.

Objective: The purpose of this pilot study was to compare the efficacy of 2 techniques for evaluating bladder function after transvaginal surgery.

Study Design: Subjects scheduled for transvaginal, outpatient surgery were consecutively enrolled and randomized to backfill-assisted voiding trial or a trial of spontaneous voiding after surgery.

Results: Sixty subjects were enrolled.

Urinary reference values for stone risk factors in children.

Purpose: Reference values for stone risk factors in 24-hour urine samples for nonstone forming children are limited. We measured urinary stone risk factors in healthy children 3 to 18 years old, and sought to determine whether the risk factors are affected by age.

Materials And Methods: A total of 48 healthy subjects with no history of stone disease, endocrine abnormalities or urological surgery were recruited from the Naval Medical Center in San Diego.

Levels of evidence in the urological literature.

Purpose: The concept of levels of evidence is one of the guiding principles of evidence based clinical practice. It is based on the understanding that certain study designs are more likely to be affected by bias than others. We provide an assessment of the type and levels of evidence found in the urological literature.

Long-term lemonade based dietary manipulation in patients with hypocitraturic nephrolithiasis.

Purpose: Citrus fruits and juices are a known natural source of dietary citrate. Of all the citrus juices, lemon juice appears to have the highest concentration of citrate. Therefore, lemonade therapy has been proposed as a potential treatment for patients with hypocitraturia.

Predicting implantation with a neuromodulator using two different test stimulation techniques: A prospective randomized study in urge incontinent women.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a percutaneous needle electrode (PNE) technique or a surgical first stage lead placement (FSLP) better predicted whether a patient would progress to implantation of a pulse generator (IPG) in older urge incontinent women.

Methods: Thirty subjects > or =55 years with refractory urge incontinence who had been selected to undergo a test stimulation procedure were randomized to either PNE or FSLP. Thirteen underwent PNE placement and seventeen underwent FSLP placement.

A statistical comparison of pad numbers versus pad weights in the quantification of urinary incontinence.

Aims: Pad per day (PPD) usage is a frequently utilized measure of urinary incontinence. The 24-hour pad weight test (24PWT) is a reproducible test for quantifying incontinence volumes. We investigated whether PPD validly reports the magnitude of urinary incontinence.

Renal calculi presenting as hyperhidrosis in patient with spinal cord injury.

Renal calculi in the spinal cord injury population present a diagnostic dilemma for urologists. However, 7% of all patients with spinal cord injury will develop renal calculi. Undiagnosed stone disease can lead to significant morbidity and mortality in this population.