Current interventions to promote safe and appropriate pain management.

Purpose: Describe patient-, clinician-, system-, and community-level interventions for pain management developed and employed by 9 healthcare systems across the United States and report on lessons learned from the implementation of these interventions.

Summary: The high cost associated with pain coupled with the frequent use of opioid analgesics as primary treatment options has made novel pain management strategies a necessity. Interventions that target multiple levels within healthcare are needed to help combat the opioid epidemic and improve strategies to manage chronic pain.