Out of Sight, Out of Mind? Neuronal Gamma Oscillations During Occlusion Events in Infants.

Object permanence allows infants to interact successfully with objects in the environment. What happens in the human infant brain when objects move in and out of sight? This study used high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG) to record induced oscillatory brain activities in 29 locomotor infants before, during, and after occlusion of a moving object traveling at different speeds. Temporal spectral evolution (TSE) showed that before and after the occlusion event, event-related synchronized (ERS) brain activity was observed, whereas event-related desynchronized (ERD) activity was detected when the car was hidden behind the occluder.

On-site infrasound calibration to correct wave parameter estimation.

The International Monitoring System (IMS) has been established as part of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty to monitor nuclear testing and is comprised of infrasound, hydroacoustic, seismic, and radionuclide stations; it is also used more widely by the scientific community for scientific and civilian applications. For the infrasound stations, on-site calibration provides an accurate measure of the sensor (microbarometer + wind-noise reduction system) frequency response, used to monitor that the sensor response remains within tolerance of the baseline established when the station is certified. However, this on-site calibration can also be used when there are issues/defects with the sensors.

Static wind imaging Michelson interferometer for the measurement of stratospheric wind fields.

The stratospheric wind field provides significant information on the dynamics, constituent, and energy transport in the Earth's atmosphere. The measurement of the atmospheric wind field on a global basis at these heights is still lacking because few wind imaging interferometers have been developed that can measure wind in this region. In this paper, we describe an advanced compact static wind imaging Michelson interferometer (SWIMI) developed to measure the stratospheric wind field using near-infrared airglow emissions.

Modelling and validation of defects on infrasound wind-noise-reduction pipe systems.

Infrasound signals are detectable from many different sources, such as earthquakes and man-made explosions. Wind-generated turbulent noise can mask incoming infrasound signals; however, pipe-array wind-noise-reduction systems (WNRSs) have been designed to reduce the level of noise in the observed pressure time series. Given that the arrival times of the signals need to be well-known to calculate the source back azimuth and trace velocity, the response of the WNRS must be known in magnitude and phase.

Wind imaging using simultaneous fringe sampling with field-widened Michelson interferometers.

The first, to our knowledge, successful laboratory implementation of an approach to image winds using simultaneous (as opposed to sequential) fringe imaging of suitable isolated spectral emission lines is described. Achieving this in practice has been a long-standing goal for wind imaging using airglow. It avoids the aliasing effects of source irradiance variations that are possible with sequential fringe sampling techniques.

Assessment of crop usage in fed birds and short-term phytase efficiency as affected by acid addition.

1. A field assessment was performed to map the extent of crop usage and thus retention time in broiler chickens. In addition, a broiler experiment was carried out to study the short-term effect of acid addition on phytase efficacy in the crop.

Predicting secondary surgery after operative fixation of olecranon fractures: a model using data from 800 patients.

Background: High rates of secondary surgery after fixation of olecranon fractures have been reported. Identification of risk factors can aid surgeons to reduce complications leading to additional surgical procedures.

Methods: Olecranon fractures treated at seven hospitals from 2007 to 2017 were identified, and the radiographs were classified.

Effect of crop retention time and acidification of the feed on phytase efficacy in broiler chickens.

1. An test to study the effect of pH reduction on phytic acid degradation over time for four commercial phytases was conducted. Changing the pH level affected phytate degradation over time differently for the various phytases (P < 0.

Prevalence of Swallowing and Eating Difficulties in an Elderly Postoperative Hip Fracture Population-A Multi-Center-Based Pilot Study.

Elderly patients operated for hip fracture are characterized by high age and high degree of comorbidity and need of care, factors previously found to be associated with swallowing and eating difficulties. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of swallowing and eating difficulties in an elderly postoperative hip fracture population and to identify factors associated with swallowing and eating difficulties. A cross-sectional multi-center pilot study was performed, including patients ≥65 years, operated for hip fracture, and able to participate in a swallowing and eating assessment.

Defective mitochondrial DNA homeostasis in the substantia nigra in Parkinson disease.

Increased somatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutagenesis causes premature aging in mice, and mtDNA damage accumulates in the human brain with aging and neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson disease (PD). Here, we study the complete spectrum of mtDNA changes, including deletions, copy-number variation and point mutations, in single neurons from the dopaminergic substantia nigra and other brain areas of individuals with Parkinson disease and neurologically healthy controls. We show that in dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons of healthy individuals, mtDNA copy number increases with age, maintaining the pool of wild-type mtDNA population in spite of accumulating deletions.

The hazard of sharp force injuries: Factors influencing outcome.

The risk of dying from sharp force injury is difficult to ascertain. To the best of our knowledge, no study has been performed in Norway regarding mortality due to sharp force injury or factors that impact survival. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate and assess mortality in subjects with sharp force injury.

Homicides in Western Norway, 1985-2009, time trends, age and gender differences.

This retrospective study from Western Norway is based on the cases of 196 homicide victims from 1985 to 2009. The median age of the victims was 35 years, in both genders. Within the cases, 113 of the victims were male and 83 female, 28 victims were under the age of 18, and 19 victims were not native Norwegians.

Traumatic dissection of the vertebral artery in a toddler following a short fall.

Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) in children is uncommon, but is sometimes seen after rupture of aneurysms, and in different disorders. Traumatic SAH is common after serious accidental head injury, but is also reported after child abuse with vigorous shaking. To avoid unnecessary accusations of innocent care givers, it is important not to misinterpret the findings as abusive head trauma in small children with SAH.

Global mRNA decay analysis at single nucleotide resolution reveals segmental and positional degradation patterns in a Gram-positive bacterium.

Background: Recent years have shown a marked increase in the use of next-generation sequencing technologies for quantification of gene expression (RNA sequencing, RNA-Seq). The expression level of a gene is a function of both its rate of transcription and RNA decay, and the influence of mRNA decay rates on gene expression in genome-wide studies of Gram-positive bacteria is under-investigated.

Results: In this work, we employed RNA-Seq in a genome-wide determination of mRNA half-lives in the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus cereus.

Interspersed DNA repeats bcr1-bcr18 of Bacillus cereus group bacteria form three distinct groups with different evolutionary and functional patterns.

Many short (<400 bp) interspersed sequence repeats exist in bacteria, yet little is known about their origins, mode of generation, or possible function. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of 18 different previously identified repeated DNA elements, bcr1-bcr18 (Økstad OA, Hegna I, Lindback T, Rishovd AL, Kolstø AB. 1999.

[Gas embolization as a complication of hysteroscopic surgery].

Gas embolism has been described as a complication of operative hysteroscopy. We present one of two non-fatal case stories where gas embolization was suspected due to symptoms observed by the anaesthesiologist and discuss how to prevent it.

Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, and tubal factor infertility--a prospective study.

Objective: To determine the presence of M. genitalium and C. trachomatis in women attending fertility clinics and to follow these women for the effects of previous infections or tubal damage on pregnancy rate and outcome.

Low concentrations of bile salts induce stress responses and reduce motility in Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 [corrected].

Tolerance to bile salts was investigated in forty Bacillus cereus strains, including 17 environmental isolates, 11 dairy isolates, 3 isolates from food poisoning outbreaks, and 9 other clinical isolates. Growth of all strains was observed at low bile salt concentrations, but no growth was observed on LB agar plates containing more than 0.005% bile salts.

Is a woman's date of birth related to her risk of developing breast cancer?

Some previous reports have shown seasonality in the date of birth in patients with breast cancer, others have not. In this study of 1,110 women with unilateral breast carcinoma significantly more cases had been born in the first than the second half of the year. This finding could, however, not be linked to the later development of breast cancer as their case-matched controls showed a similar trend.