[Prevalence of sport injuries, sport participation and drop out due to injury in young adults].

Introduction: Sport participation has increased during the past few decades, with accompanying rise in sport injuries. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of sport injuries, and drop-out due to them along with possible risk factors (hours of sports participation, sex, age, aerobic fitness and body composition).

Material And Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional design was used and the 457 participants were 17 and 23 years old.

Vitamin D status of Icelandic children and its influence on bone accrual.

The importance of vitamin D for children's bone health has been well established, but the effects of less severe deficiency are not fully known. The main objective of this study was to assess the vitamin D status of Icelandic children at the age of 7, and again at 9 years of age, and the association of vitamin D status with bone mineral content and bone accrual over 2 years. We invited 321 children to participate in this study, and 267 (83 %) took part; 211 (79 %) underwent a DXA scan and 164 were again scanned 2 years later; 159 (60 %) vitamin D samples were measured and 119 (75 %) were measured again 2 years later.

The association of cardiorespiratory fitness to health independent of adiposity depends upon its expression.

Background: The strong relation between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and adiposity renders their independent associations to metabolic risk factors difficult to ascertain.

Aim: To determine the associations of CRF and CRF relative to fat-free mass (CRFFFM) to total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, glucose, insulin and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and distinguish these relations from the association to adiposity.

Subjects And Methods: Anthropometrics, body fat percentage (%Fat) and fat-free mass (from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) were measured in 127 (66 females) 17 and 23 year-olds.

Physical Activity from Early Adulthood and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A 24-Year Follow-Up Study among Icelandic Men.

Physical activity in adult life may reduce prostate cancer risk. Data are scarce on the role of activity during early adulthood, as well as combined recreational and occupational physical activity on prostate cancer risk and mortality. We undertook a prospective study of 8,221 Icelandic men (born 1907 to 1935) in the population-based Reykjavik Study.

[Physical activity and its relation to metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors among three professions].

Introduction: The relation between objectively measured physical activity (PA) and metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors has not been studied in Iceland. This study aimed to investigate PA and metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors among three professions: manual laborers, office workers, and farmers.

Material And Methods: The participants (73 males, 89 females) underwent anthropometric measurements.

Gender differences in development of mental well-being from adolescence to young adulthood: an eight-year follow-up study.

Background: The transition from adolescence to young adulthood is marked by many changes. Mental well-being plays an important role in how individuals deal with these changes and how they develop their lifestyle. The goal of this study was to examine gender differences in the long-term development of self-esteem and other mental well-being variables from the age of 15 to the age of 23.

Result of school-based intervention on cardiovascular risk factors.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a two-year school-based intervention, consisting of integrated and replicable physical activity and nutritional education on weight, fat percentage, cardiovascular risk factors, and blood pressure.

Design And Setting: Six elementary schools in Reykjavik were randomly assigned to be either intervention (n = 3) or control (n = 3) schools. Seven-year-old children in the second grade in these schools were invited to participate (n = 321); 268 (83%) underwent some or all of the measurements.

Insufficient autumn vitamin D intake and low vitamin D status in 7-year-old Icelandic children.

Objective: The aim was to investigate autumn vitamin D intake and status in 7-year-old Icelanders, fitting BMI and cardiorespiratory fitness as predictors.

Design: Three-day food records and fasting blood samples were collected evenly from September to November, and cardiorespiratory fitness was measured with an ergometer bike. Food and nutrient intakes were calculated, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) and serum parathyroid hormone were analysed.

Fat mass increase in 7-year-old children: more bone area but lower bone mineral density.

The main aims of this study were, to evaluate what effect a change in fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LBM) has on bone parameters over 2 years' time, in 7-year-old school children and to see what effect fitness had on bone parameters in these children. A repeated-measures design study was conducted where children born in 1999 from six elementary schools in Reykjavik, Iceland were measured twice. All children attending second grade in these six schools were invited to participate.

Limited effects of a 2-year school-based physical activity intervention on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in 7-year-old children.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a 2-year cluster-randomized physical activity and dietary intervention program among 7-year-old (at baseline) elementary school participants on body composition and objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness. Three pairs of schools were selected and matched, then randomly selected as either an intervention (n = 151) or control school (n = 170). None of the effect sizes of body composition were statistically significant.

Assessment of a two-year school-based physical activity intervention among 7-9-year-old children.

Background: Physical activity (PA) in children has declined in recent decades, highlighting the need for effective intervention programs for school-aged children. The main objective of this study was to assess to what extent PA during and after school hours changed among children who received a progressive two-year long intervention vs. that of children who only received general curriculum-based PA.

[Physical activity of 9 and 15 year old Icelandic children - Public health objectives and relations of physical activity to gender, age, anthropometry and area of living].

Objective: The main objective of the study was to assess to what degree nine and fifteen year old Icelandic children followed the national physical activity (PA) guidelines for children set forth by the Icelandic Public Health Institute, which recommend no less than 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity a day (MVPA).

Material And Methods: The study was conducted between September 2003 and January 2004 at eighteen randomly selected schools in the capital area of Reykjavik and towns and rural areas in the northeast. All nine years old (N=662) and fifteen years old (N=661) students were offered to participate.

Factors associated with bone mineral density and content in 7-year-old children.

Objective: To evaluate the bone status of 7-year-old school children in Reykjavik, Iceland, and to see if gender, height, lean body mass and fat mass is associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in the lumbar vertebrae and hip.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study of a sample of 7-year-old school children.

Setting: Six elementary schools in Reykjavik, Iceland.

Association of BMI and fasting insulin with cardiovascular disease risk factors in seven-year-old Icelandic children.

Objective: . To look at overweight and common cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and associations with body mass index (BMI) and fasting insulin in seven-year-old schoolchildren in Reykjavik, Iceland.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study of seven-year-old schoolchildren.

Predictors of fatness and physical fitness in nine-year-old Icelandic school children.

Introduction: In recent years, the prevalence of overweight and obese children has increased in Iceland, as in most Westernized countries. The main objectives of this study were to assess predictors of fitness and fatness of 9-year-old school children in Iceland.

Methods: In total, 488 subjects (73.

Socioeconomic position and the metabolic syndrome in early, middle, and late life: evidence from NHANES 1999-2002.

Purpose: To evaluate whether there is an association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and the metabolic syndrome at various ages, including adolescent, middle-aged and older participants in gender-specific analyses.

Methods: Participants were from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. SEP was measured by income and years of education.

[The weight of school children and its relationship to performance in studies and well-being.].

Objective: There has been significant weight gain among Western populations during the past few decades, including children and adolescents. The aim of this research was to investigate the possibility of discovering a correlation between the weight of primary school children and their well-being and performance in studies. There was also an interest in determining the weight development of children and adolescents during a period of thirty years and attempting to answer the question whether they were still putting on weight.