Cancer-associated DNA hypermethylation of Polycomb targets requires DNMT3A dual recognition of histone H2AK119 ubiquitination and the nucleosome acidic patch.

During tumor development, promoter CpG islands that are normally silenced by Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) become DNA-hypermethylated. The molecular mechanism by which de novo DNA methyltransferase(s) [DNMT(s)] catalyze CpG methylation at PRC-regulated regions remains unclear. Here, we report a cryo-electron microscopy structure of the DNMT3A long isoform (DNMT3A1) amino-terminal region in complex with a nucleosome carrying PRC1-mediated histone H2A lysine-119 monoubiquitination (H2AK119Ub).

Cancer-associated DNA Hypermethylation of Polycomb Targets Requires DNMT3A Dual Recognition of Histone H2AK119 Ubiquitination and the Nucleosome Acidic Patch.

During tumor development, promoter CpG islands (CGIs) that are normally silenced by Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) become DNA hypermethylated. The molecular mechanism by which DNA methyltransferase(s) catalyze CpG methylation at PRC-regulated regions remains unclear. Here we report a cryo-EM structure of the DNMT3A long isoform (DNMT3A1) N-terminal region in complex with a nucleosome carrying PRC1-mediated histone H2A lysine 119 monoubiquitination (H2AK119Ub).

H3K27me3 spreading organizes canonical PRC1 chromatin architecture to regulate developmental programs.

Unlabelled: Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2)-mediated histone H3K27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) recruits canonical PRC1 (cPRC1) to maintain heterochromatin. In early development, polycomb-regulated genes are connected through long-range 3D interactions which resolve upon differentiation. Here, we report that polycomb looping is controlled by H3K27me3 spreading and regulates target gene silencing and cell fate specification.

Dissecting the treatment-naive ecosystem of human melanoma brain metastasis.

Melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) frequently occurs in patients with advanced melanoma; yet, our understanding of the underlying salient biology is rudimentary. Here, we performed single-cell/nucleus RNA-seq in 22 treatment-naive MBMs and 10 extracranial melanoma metastases (ECMs) and matched spatial single-cell transcriptomics and T cell receptor (TCR)-seq. Cancer cells from MBM were more chromosomally unstable, adopted a neuronal-like cell state, and enriched for spatially variably expressed metabolic pathways.

Cell Surface Mechanics Gate Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation.

Cell differentiation typically occurs with concomitant shape transitions to enable specialized functions. To adopt a different shape, cells need to change the mechanical properties of their surface. However, whether cell surface mechanics control the process of differentiation has been relatively unexplored.

Genome-Scale CRISPR Screening for Regulators of Cell Fate Transitions.

Knockout CRISPR screening enables the unbiased discovery of genes with a functional role in almost any cellular or molecular process of interest. The approach couples a genome-scale library of guide RNA (gRNA), the Cas9 endonuclease, and a faithful phenotypic read-out to systematically identify candidate genes via their loss-of-function effect. Here we provide a detailed description of the CRISPR screen protocol and outline how to apply it to decipher the gene networks that underlie developmental cell fate decisions.

Dppa2 and Dppa4 counteract de novo methylation to establish a permissive epigenome for development.

Early mammalian development entails genome-wide epigenome remodeling, including DNA methylation erasure and reacquisition, which facilitates developmental competence. To uncover the mechanisms that orchestrate DNA methylation dynamics, we coupled a single-cell ratiometric DNA methylation reporter with unbiased CRISPR screening in murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We identify key genes and regulatory pathways that drive global DNA hypomethylation, and characterize roles for Cop1 and Dusp6.