Immune Contexture Changes Following Blue Light Cystoscopy with Hexaminolevulinate in Bladder Cancer.

Background: Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is a central component in the diagnosis of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and can be guided by several optical imaging techniques for better visualization of lesions.

Objective: To investigate if a change in tumor microenvironment (TME) composition could be observed as an effect of hexaminolevulinate (HAL)-assisted blue light cystoscopy (BLC) in TURBT samples from patients with bladder cancer.

Design Setting And Participants: This was a retrospective study of 40 patients with bladder cancer who underwent either BLC-guided TURBT ( = 20) or white light cystoscopy (WLC)-guided TURBT ( = 20) before radical cystectomy (RC).